Multiple Choice


1	A(n) ______________ is a prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
		A)	theory
		B)	operation
		C)	hypothesis
		D)	experiment


2	In archival research,
		A)	existing data are examined.
		B)	a control group is necessary.
		C)	new data is generated.
		D)	a sample of people are asked questions.


3	Which of the following correlations indicates the weakest association?
		A)	+0.8
		B)	-0.2
		C)	+0.3
		D)	-1.0


4	The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by
		A)	case studies.
		B)	naturalistic observation.
		C)	experiments.
		D)	correlational research.


5	Random assignment is based on
		A)	chance.
		B)	experimenter bias.
		C)	participant choice.
		D)	the hypothesis in question.


6	The second step in the scientific method is
		A)	carrying out research.
		B)	operationalizing the hypothesis.
		C)	formulating an explanation.
		D)	identifying a question of interest.


7	Which of the following groups are used most frequently in psychological experiments?
		A)	people in mental institutions
		B)	college professors
		C)	counselors and psychologists
		D)	college students


8	The change that an experimenter deliberately produces in a situation is called
		A)	the experimental manipulation.
		B)	randomization.
		C)	replication.
		D)	the control group.


9	The purpose of the control group in an experiment is to
		A)	assist in the design of the research project.
		B)	accommodate the extra participants who arrived late and could not serve in the experimental group.
		C)	prevent the researcher from cheating.
		D)	give a comparison that allows the independent variable to be judged.


10	Researchers will conclude that they have confirmed their hypotheses when
		A)	placebo effects have been maximized.
		B)	the results are statistically significant.
		C)	experimenter and participant expectations have been eliminated.
		D)	meta-analysis has been avoided.


11	Most psychologists argue that deception in an experiment is
		A)	only appropriate for animal research.
		B)	sometimes necessary to prevent bias.
		C)	always necessary for significant results.
		D)	never acceptable.


12	What should be done about experimenter and participant expectations?
		A)	Both experimenter and participant expectations should be minimized.
		B)	Only participant expectations should be minimized.
		C)	Only experimenter expectations should be minimized.
		D)	The experimenter and participant should discuss them so that they are as equivalent as possible.


13	During the 1991 Gulf War, new reporters based in Baghdad reported news as they witnessed it. This style of reporting resembles
		A)	case study research.
		B)	archival research.
		C)	survey research.
		D)	naturalistic observation.


14	Participants are randomly assigned to the groups in an experiment so that
		A)	participants will not know to which group they are assigned.
		B)	concern will be minimized that the experiment is too artificial and contrived.
		C)	the composition of the groups are roughly equivalent.
		D)	the experiment will be simplified.


15	The purpose of a placebo is to
		A)	give participants equal expectations about the treatment variable.
		B)	ensure that participants can be assigned at random to either group.
		C)	demonstrate to the Food and Drug Administration that even ineffective medications may be worthwhile.
		D)	reduce worries about the representatives of the participants.

2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.