Learning Objectives

These are the concepts and the learning objectives for Chapter 5. Read them carefully as part of your preliminary survey of the chapter.

Sleep and Dreams

1. Discuss what is meant by consciousness and altered states of consciousness. (p. 132)

2. Explain the cycles of sleep, including REM sleep. (pp. 133-136)

3. Identify the various theories of dreaming and daydreaming, and differentiate among them concerning the functions and meanings of dreams. (pp. 136-141)

4. Describe the sleep disturbances of insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. (p. 141)

5. Discuss the roles of circadian rhythms and daydreams in our lives and discuss ways of improving sleep. (pp. 142-144)

Hypnosis and Meditation

6. Discuss hypnosis, including its definition, therapeutic value, and the ongoing controversy regarding whether it represents an altered state of consciousness. (pp. 145-146)

7. Describe how meditation works and the changes that occur during meditation. (pp. 147-148)

Drug Use: The Highs and Lows of Consciousness

8. Describe the characteristics, addictive properties, and psychological reactions to stimulants and depressants, as well as representative drugs from each category. (pp. 149-156)

9. Describe the characteristics, addictive properties, and psychological reactions to narcotics and hallucinogens, as well as representative drugs from each category. (pp. 157-159)

10. Identify the symptoms of drug abuse, and discuss current approaches to drug prevention. (pp. 159-160)