 |  Traditions and Encounters, 2/e Jerry H. Bentley,
University of Hawai'i
Herbert F. Ziegler,
University of Hawai'i
Table of ContentsPart I The Early Complex Societies, 3500 to 500 B.C.E.Chapter 1: BEFORE HISTORYThe Evolution of Homo SapiensThe HominidsHomo SapiensPaleolithic SocietyEconomy and Society of Hunting and Gathering PeoplesPaleolithic CultureThe Neolithic Era and the Transition to AgricultureThe Origins of AgricultureEarly Agriculture SocietyNeolithic CultureThe Origins of Urban Life Chapter 2: EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTHWEST ASIA AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN MIGRATIONSThe Quest for OrderMesopotamia: "The Land Between the Rivers"The Course of EmpireThe Later Mesopotamian EmpiresThe Formation of a Complex Society and Sophisticated Cultural TraditionsEconomic Specialization and TradeThe Emergence of a Stratified Patriarchal SocietyThe Development of Written Cultural TraditionsThe Broader Influence of Mesopotamian SocietyHebrews, Israelites, and JewsThe PhoeniciansThe Indo-European MigrationsIndo-European OriginsIndo-European Expansion and Its Effects Chapter 3: EARLY AFRICAN SOCIETIES AND THE BANTU MIGRATIONSEarly Agricultural Society in AfricaClimatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in AfricaEgypt and Nubia: "Gifts of the Nile"The Unification of EgyptTurmoil and EmpireThe Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural TraditionsThe Emergence of Cities and Stratified SocietiesEconomic Specialization and TradeEarly Writing in the Nile ValleyThe Development of Organized Religious TraditionsBantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan AfricaThe Dynamics of Bantu ExpansionEarly Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 4: EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTH ASIAHarrapan SocietyFoundations of Harappan SocietyHarappan Society and CultureThe Indo-European Migrations and Early Aryan IndiaThe Aryans and IndiaOrigins of the Caste SystemThe Development of Patriarchal SocietyReligion in the Vedic AgeAryan ReligionThe Blending of Aryan and Dravidian Values Chapter 5: EARLY SOCIETY IN EAST ASIAPolitical Organization in Early ChinaEarly Agricultural Society and the Xia DynastyThe Shang DynastyThe Zhou DynastySociety and Family in Ancient ChinaThe Social OrderFamily and PatriarchyEarly Chinese Writing and Cultural DevelopmentOracle Bones and Early Chinese WritingThought and Literature in Ancient ChinaAncient China and the Larger WorldChinese Cultivators and Nomadic Peoples of Central AsiaThe Southern Expansion of Chinese Society Chapter 6: EARLY SOCIETIES IN THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAEarly Societies in MesoamericaThe OlmecsHeirs of the Olmecs: The MayaMaya Society and ReligionHeirs of the Olmecs: TeoihuacanEarly Societies of South AmericaEarly Andean Society and the Chavin CultEarly Andean States: MochicaEarly Societies of OceaniaEarly Societies in Australia and New GuineaThe Peopling of the Pacific Islands PART II: THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL SOCIETIES, 500 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.Chapter 7: THE EMPIRES OF PERSIAThe Rise and Fall of the Persian EmpiresThe Achaemenid EmpireDecline and Fall of the Achaemenid EmpireThe Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanid EmpiresImperial Society and EconomySocial Development in Classical PersiaEconomic Foundations of Classical PersiaReligions of Salvation in Classical Persian SocietyZarathustra and His FaithReligions of Salvation in a Cosmopolitan Society Chapter 8: THE UNIFICATION OF CHINAIn Search of Political and Social OrderConfucius and His SchoolDaoismLegalismThe Unification of ChinaThe Qin DynastyThe Early Han DynastyFrom Economic Prosperity to Social DisorderProductivity and Prosperity during the Former HanEconomic and Social DifficultiesThe Later Han Dynasty Chapter 9: STATE, SOCIETY, AND THE QUEST FOR SALVATION IN INDIAThe Fortunes of Empire in Classical IndiaThe Mauryan Dynasty and the Temporary Unification of IndiaThe Emergence of Regional Kingdoms and the Revival of EmpireEconomic Development and Social DistinctionsTowns and TradeFamily Life and the Caste SystemReligions of Salvation in Classical IndiaJainism and the Challenge to the Established Cultural OrderEarly BuddhismMahayana BuddhismThe Emergence of Popular Hinduism Chapter 10: MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY: THE GREEK PHASEEarly Development of Greek SocietyMinoan and Mycenaean SocietiesThe World of the PolisGreece and the Larger WorldGreek ColonizationConflict with Persia and Its ResultsThe Macedonians and the Coming of EmpireThe Hellenistic EmpiresThe Fruits of Trade: Greek Economy and SocietyTrade and the Integration of the Mediterranean BasinFamily and SocietyThe Cultural Life of Classical GreeceRational Thought and PhilosophyPopular Religion and Greek DramaHellenistic Philosophy and Religion Chapter 11: MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY: THE ROMAN PHASEFrom Kingdom to RepublicThe Etruscans and RomeThe Roman Republic and Its ConstitutionThe Expansion of the RepublicFrom Republic to EmpireImperial Expansion and Domestic ProblemsThe Foundation of EmpireContinuing Expansion and Integration of the EmpireEconomy and Society in the Roman MediterraneanTrade and UrbanizationFamily and Society in Roman TimesThe Cosmopolitan MediterraneanGreek Philosophy and Religions of SalvationJudaism and Early Christianity Chapter 12: CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE ON THE SILK ROADSLong Distance Trade and the Silk Roads NetworkTrade Networks of the Hellenistic EraThe Silk RoadsCultural and Biological Exchanges Along the Silk RoadsThe Spread of Buddhism and HinduismThe Spread of ChristianityThe Spread of ManichaeismThe Spread of Epidemic DiseaseChina After the Han DynastyInternal Decay of the Han StateCultural Change in Post-Han ChinaThe Fall of the Roman EmpireInternal Decay in the Roman EmpireGermanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman EmpireCultural Change in the Late Roman Empire PART III: THE POST-CLASSICAL ERA, 500 TO 1000 C.E.Chapter 13: THE COMMONWEALTH OF BYZANTIUMThe Early Byzantine EmpireThe Later Roman Empire and ByzantiumJustinian and His LegacyIslamic Conquests and Byzantine RevivalByzantium and Western EuropeByzantine Economy and SocietyRural Economy and SocietyIndustry and TradeUrban LifeClassical Heritage and Orthodox ChristianityThe Legacy of Classical GreeceThe Byzantine ChurchMonasticism and Popular PietyTensions between Eastern and Western ChristianityThe Influence of Byzantium in Eastern EuropeDomestic Problems and Foreign PressuresEarly Relations between Byzantium and Slavic PeoplesByzantium and Russia Chapter 14: A NEW SOCIETY: THE EXPANSIVE REALM OF ISLAMA Prophet and His WorldMuhammad and His MessageMuhammad's migration to MedinaThe Establishment of Islam in ArabiaThe Expansion of IslamThe Early Caliphs and the Umayyad DynastyThe Abbasid DynastyEconomy and Society of the Early Islamic WorldNew Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban GrowthThe Formation of a Hemispheric Trading ZoneThe Changing Status of WomenIslamic Values and Cultural ExchangesThe Formation of and Islamic Cultural TraditionIslam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece Chapter 15: THE RESURGENCE OF EMPIRE IN EAST ASIAThe Restoration of centralized Imperial Rule in ChinaThe Sui DynastyThe Tang DynastyThe Song DynastyThe Economic Development of Tang and Song ChinaAgricultural DevelopmentTechnological and Industrial DevelopmentThe Emergence of a Market EconomyThe Establishment of BuddhismNeo-ConfucianismChinese Influence in East AsiaKorea and VietnamEarly JapanMedieval Japan Chapter 16: INDIA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN BASINIslamic and Hindu KingdomsThe Quest for Centralized Imperial RuleThe Introduction of Islam to Northern IndiaThe Hindu Kingdoms of Southern IndiaProduction and Trade in the Indian Ocean BasinAgriculture in the Monsoon WorldTrade and the Economic Development of Southern IndiaCross-Cultural Trade in the Indian Ocean BasinCaste and SocietyThe Meeting of Hindu and Islamic TraditionsThe Development of HinduismIslam and Its AppealThe Influence of Indian Society in Southeast AsiaThe States of Southeast AsiaThe Arrival of Islam Chapter 17: THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHRISTIAN SOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPEThe Quest for Political OrderGermanic Successor StatesThe Franks and the Temporary Revival of EmpireDecline and Dissolution of the Carolingian EmpireThe Establishment of Regional Authorities Early Medieval SocietyOrganizing a Decentralized SocietySerfs and ManorsThe Economy of EuropeThe Formation of Christian EuropeThe Politics of ConversionThe PapacyMonasticism PART IV AN AGE OF CROSS CULTURAL INTERACTION, 1000 TO 1500 C.E.18: NOMADIC EMPIRES AND EURASION INTEGRATION Turkish Migrations and Imperial ExpansionNomadic Economy and SocietyTurkish Empires in Persia, Anatolia, and IndiaThe Mongol EmpiresChinggis Khan and the Making of the Mongol EmpireThe Mongol Empires after Chinggis KhanThe Mongols and Eurasion IntegrationDecline of the Mongols in Persia and ChinaAfter the MongolsTamerlane the WhirlwindThe Foundation of the Ottoman Empire 19: STATES AND SOCIETIES OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAEffects of Early African MigrationsAgriculture and Population GrowthAfrican Political OrganizationIslamic Kingdoms and EmpiresTrans-Saharan Trade and Islamic States in West AfricaThe Indian Ocean Trade and Islamic States in East AfricaAfrican Society and Cultural DevelopmentSocial ClassesAfrican ReligionThe Arrival of Christianity and Islam 20: WESTERN EUROPE DURING THE HIGH MIDDLE AGESThe Establishment of Regional StatesThe Holy Roman EmpireRegional Monarchies in France and EnglandRegional State in Italy and IberiaEconomic Growth and Social DevelopmentGrowth of the Agricultural EconomyThe Revival of Towns and TradeSocial ChangeEuropean Christianity During the High Middle AgesSchools, Universities, and Scholastic TheologyPopular ReligionReform Movements and Popular HeresiesThe Medieval Expansion of EuropeAtlantic and Baltic ColonizationThe Reconquest of Sicily and SpainThe Crusades 21: WORLDS APART: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAStates and Empires in Mesoamerica and North AmericaThe Toltecs and the MexicaMexica SocietyMexica ReligionPeoples and Societies of the NorthStates and Empires in South AmericaThe Coming of the IncasInca Society and ReligionThe Societies of OceaniaThe Nomadic Foragers of AustraliaThe Development of Pacific Island Societies 22: REACHING OUT: CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS Long-Distance Trade and TravelPatterns of Long-Distance TradePolitical and Diplomatic TravelMissionary CampaignsLong-Distance Travel and Cross-Cultural ExchangesCrisis and RecoveryBubonic PlagueRecovery in China: The Ming DynastyRecovery in Western Europe: State BuildingRecovery in Western Europe: The RenaissanceExploration and ColonizationThe Chinese Reconnaissance of the Indian Ocean BasinEuropean Exploration in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans PART V: THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800Chapter 23:TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIONSThe European Reconnaissance of the World's Oceans Motives for ExplorationThe Technology of ExplorationVoyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the AtlanticVoyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the PacificTrade and Conflict in Early Modern AsiaTrading-Post EmpiresEuropean Conquests in Southeast AsiaCommercial Rivalries and the Seven Years' WarGlobal ExchangesThe Columbian ExchangeThe Origins of Global Trade Chapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEThe Fragmentation of Western ChristendomThe Protestant ReformationThe Catholic ReformationWitch-Hunts and Religious WarsThe Consolidation of Sovereign StatesThe Attempted Revival of EmpireThe New MonarchsConstitutional States and Absolute MonarchiesThe European States SystemEarly Capitalist SocietyPopulation Growth and UrbanizationEarly Capitalism and ProtoindustrializationSocial Change in Early Modern EuropeScience and EnlightenmentThe Reconception of the UniverseThe Scientific RevolutionThe Enlightenment Chapter 25: NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIAColliding WorldsThe Spanish CaribbeanThe Conquest of Mexico and PeruIberian Empires in the AmericasSettler Colonies in North AmericaColonial Society in the AmericasThe Formation of Multicultural SocietiesMining and Agricultural in the Spanish EmpireSugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil Fur Traders and Settlers in North AmericaChristianity and Native Religions in the AmericasEuropeans in the PacificAustralia and the Larger WorldThe Pacific Islands and the Larger World Chapter 26: AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLDAfrican Politics and Society in Early Modern TimesThe States of West Africa and East AfricaThe Kingdoms of Central Africa and South AfricaIslam and Christianity in Early Modern AfricaSocial Change in Early Modern AfricaThe Atlantic Slave TradeFoundations of the Slave TradeHuman CargoesThe Impact of the Slave Trade in AfricaThe African DiasporaPlantation SocietiesThe Making of African-American Cultural TraditionsThe End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery Chapter 27: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN EAST ASIAThe Quest for Political StabilityThe Ming DynastyThe Qing DynastyThe Son of Heaven and the Scholar BureaucratsEconomic and Social ChangesThe Patriarchal Family Population Growth and Economic DevelopmentGentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and "Mean People"The Confucian Tradition and New Cultural InfluencesNeo-Confucianism and Pulp FictionThe Return of Christianity in ChinaThe Unification of JapanThe Tokugawa ShogunateEconomic and Social ChangeNeo-Confucianism and Floating WorldsChristianity and Dutch Learning Chapter 28: THE ISLAMIC EMPIRESFormation of the Islamic EmpiresThe Ottoman Empire The Safavid EmpireThe Mughal EmpireImperial Islamic SocietyThe Dynastic StateAgriculture and TradeReligious Affairs in the Islamic EmpiresCultural Patronage of the Islamic EmperorsThe Empires in TransitionThe Deterioration of Imperial LeadershipEconomic and Military DeclineCultural Insularity Chapter 29: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPE AND ASIAFoundations of the Absolutist StateThe Gathering of the Russian LandThe Time of TroublesWesternization and EmpiresA Window on the WestThe Limits of WesternizationThe Russian Empire in EuropeThe Russian Empire in AsiaA Society in Tension Muscovite Society before WesternizationThe Growth of Trade and IndustryCultural ClashesCrisis in the ChurchWesternization and the Enlightenment in Russia Part VI: AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914Chapter 30: REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLDPopular Sovereignty and Political UpheavalEnlightened and Revolutionary IdeasThe American RevolutionThe French RevolutionThe Reign of NapoleonThe Influence of RevolutionThe Haitian RevolutionWars of Independence in Latin AmericaThe Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and LiberalismTesting the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: SlaveryTesting the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Women's RightsThe Consolidation of National States in EuropeNations and NationalismThe Emergence of National CommunitiesThe Unification of Italy and Germany Chapter 31: THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETYPatterns of IndustrializationFoundations of IndustrializationThe Factory SystemThe Early Spread of IndustrializationIndustrial CapitalismIndustrial SocietyThe Fruits of IndustryUrbanization and MigrationIndustry and SocietyThe Socialist ChallengeGlobal Effects of IndustrializationThe Continuing Spread of IndustrializationThe International Division of Labor Chapter 32: THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCEThe Building of American StatesThe United States: Westward Expansion and Civil WarThe Canadian Dominion: Independence without WarLatin America: Fragmentation and Political ExperimentationAmerican Economic DevelopmentMigration to the AmericasEconomic Expansion in the United StatesCanadian ProsperityLatin American DependenceAmerican Cultural and Social DiversityMulticultural Society in the United StatesCanadian Cultural ContrastsEthnicity, Identity, and Gender in Latin America Chapter 33: SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADSThe Ottoman Empire in DeclineThe Nature of DeclineReform and ReorganizationThe Young Turk EraThe Russian Empire Under PressureMilitary Defeat and Social ReformIndustrializationRepression and RevolutionThe Chinese Empire Under SiegeThe Opium War and the Unequal TreatiesThe Taiping RebellionReform FrustratedThe Transformation of JapanFrom Tokugawa to MeijiMeiji Reforms Chapter 34: THE BUILDING OF GLOBAL EMPIRESFoundations of EmpireMotives of ImperialismTools of EmpireEuropean ImperialismThe British Empire in IndiaImperialism in Central Asia and Southeast AsiaThe Scramble for AfricaEuropean Imperialism in the Pacific The Emergence of New Imperial PowersU.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the PacificImperial JapanLegacies of ImperialismEmpire and EconomyLabor MigrationsEmpire and SocietyNationalism and Anticolonial Movements PART VII: CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL REALIGNMENTSChapter 35: THE GREAT WAR: THE WORLD IN UPHEAVALThe Drift Toward WarNationalist AspirationsNational RivalriesUnderstandings and AlliancesGlobal WarThe Guns of AugustMutual ButcheryTotal War: The Home FrontConflict in East Asia and the PacificBattles in Africa and Southwest AsiaThe End of the WarRevolution in RussiaU.S. Intervention and Collapse of the Central PowersThe Paris Peace ConferenceChallenges to European Preeminence Chapter 36: AN AGE OF ANXIETYProbing Cultural FrontiersPostwar PessimismRevolutions in Physics and PsychologyExperimentation in Art and ArchitectureGlobal DepressionThe Great DepressionDespair and Government ActionEconomic ExperimentationChallenges to the Liberal OrderCommunism in RussiaThe Fascist AlternativeItalian FascismGerman National SocialismStruggles for National Identity in AsiaIndia's Quest for IndependenceChina's Search for OrderImperial Japan Chapter 37: NEW CONFLAGRATIONS: WORLD WAR IIOrigins of World War IIJapan's War in ChinaEuropean AggressionTotal War: The World Under FireBlitzkrieg: Germany Conquers EuropeThe German Invasion of the Soviet UnionBattles in Asia and the PacificDefeat of the Axis PowersLife During WartimeOccupation, Collaboration, and ResistanceThe HolocaustWomen and the WarNeither Peace Nor WarPostwar Settlements and Cold WarGlobal Reconstruction and the United Nations Chapter 38: THE BIPOLAR WORLDThe Formation of a Bipolar WorldThe Cold War in EuropeConfrontations in Korea and CubaCold War SocietiesChallenges to Superpower HegemonyThe People's Republic of ChinaDétente and the Decline of Superpower InfluenceThe End of the Cold WarRevolutions in Eastern and Central EuropeThe Collapse of the Soviet UnionToward an Uncertain Future Chapter 39: THE RETREAT FROM EMPIREIndependence in AsiaIndia's "Vivisection": Partitioned IndependenceNationalist Struggles in VietnamArab National States and the Problem of PalestineDecolonization in AfricaForcing the French out of North AfricaBlack African Nationalism and IndependenceFreedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan AfricaAfter Independence: Long-term Struggles in the Post- Colonial EraCommunism and Democracy in AsiaIslamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North AfricaPolitics and Economics in Latin AmericaWar and Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 40: A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERSEconomic Growth in AsiaTrading BlocksCross-Cultural Exchanges and Global CommunicationsGlobal BarbieConsumption and Cultural InteractionThe Age of AccessGlobal ProblemsPopulation Pressures and Environmental DegradationEconomic Inequities and Labor ServitudeGlobal DiseasesInternational OrganizationsCrossing BoundariesWomen's Traditions and Feminist ChallengesMigrationCross-Cultural Travelers |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education