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1 | |
Except for the ancient Asian and Greek physicians, throughout most of history, physical illness has been viewed purely in terms of _________ factors. |
| | A) | biological |
| | B) | psychological |
| | C) | spiritual |
| | D) | supernatural |
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2 | |
The three leading causes of death in the United States today are: |
| | A) | influenza, polio, and small pox. |
| | B) | heart disease, cancer, and stroke. |
| | C) | influenza, pneumonia, and cancer. |
| | D) | AIDS, heart disease, and cancer. |
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3 | |
The leading cause of death among children today is: |
| | A) | childhood illnesses. |
| | B) | cancer. |
| | C) | accidents. |
| | D) | second-hand smoke. |
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4 | |
The Hawaii Family Support/Healthy Start Program has been successful in: |
| | A) | reducing the high rate of children's accidents. |
| | B) | keeping families off welfare. |
| | C) | ensuring child support for single mothers. |
| | D) | reducing abuse and neglect in families. |
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5 | |
Many of the factors linked to poor health habits and early death in the adult years begin during: |
| | A) | conception. |
| | B) | infancy. |
| | C) | childhood. |
| | D) | adolescence |
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6 | |
In which country do adolescents exercise the least? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Austria |
| | C) | Ireland |
| | D) | Germany |
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7 | |
Which age group has the lowest rate of using private physician services for their health needs? |
| | A) | infants |
| | B) | adolescents |
| | C) | middle adults |
| | D) | older adults |
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8 | |
How well do college students use their knowledge about health? |
| | A) | They are well informed and most use the information to live healthy lifestyles. |
| | B) | Surveys indicate that most are aware of what it takes to be healthy and almost 50 percent practice what they know. |
| | C) | Those who are well-informed also tend to practice what they know. |
| | D) | Although most of them know what it takes to be healthy, most don't apply it. |
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9 | |
Now in her middle twenties, Harriet exercises rarely, skips breakfast to get to work early, and parties hard on weekends to compensate for the long hours of hard work she must put in to support her ambitious career plans. Late in life, when she has achieved success and retired, Harriet will be: |
| | A) | relatively healthy because in her youth, peak resources protected her against the stress she experienced. |
| | B) | in satisfactory health because her stressful living provided her with early success. |
| | C) | vigorous because she has trained herself for the demands of a successful career. |
| | D) | relatively less healthy and dissatisfied with her life because of her poor lifestyle choices early in life. |
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10 | |
A major criticism of the large-scale study involving 22,000 physicians that demonstrated the beneficial effect of an aspirin every other day on coronary heart disease is that the study: |
| | A) | did not compare different types of aspirin. |
| | B) | did not include women. |
| | C) | did not include men. |
| | D) | was not randomized. |
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11 | |
The most common chronic disorders for both middle-aged women and middle-aged men are: |
| | A) | arthritis and hypertension. |
| | B) | sinus problems and hearing impairments. |
| | C) | heart disease and stroke. |
| | D) | hearing impairments and heart disease. |
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12 | |
The chronic condition associated with the greatest limitation on work is: |
| | A) | arthritis. |
| | B) | asthma. |
| | C) | diabetes. |
| | D) | heart conditions. |
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13 | |
An aging disorder associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, estrogen depletion, and lack of exercise is: |
| | A) | arthritis. |
| | B) | osteoporosis. |
| | C) | pernicious anemia. |
| | D) | depression. |
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14 | |
To prevent osteoporosis, young and middle-aged women should do all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | subscribe to estrogen replacement therapy. |
| | B) | eat foods rich in calcium. |
| | C) | avoid smoking. |
| | D) | avoid weight-lifting exercises. |
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15 | |
_________ is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function. |
| | A) | Dementia |
| | B) | Stroke |
| | C) | Alzheimer's |
| | D) | Myocardial infarction. |
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16 | |
The advantage of using the neural thread protein test to predict Alzheimer's is that it allows: |
| | A) | the afflicted person to make preparations for later cognitive decline. |
| | B) | for implementation of a course of treatment that can help the person avoid onset of the disease. |
| | C) | preventive measures to be initiated that delay cognitive decline. |
| | D) | researchers to have a better understanding of the course of this disease. |
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17 | |
Elmer occasionally forgets his wife Martha's name, is largely unaware of recent events in his life and his surroundings, needs some assistance for daily living, and is often anxious and agitated. Elmer is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease? |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 7 |
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18 | |
The portrayal of the oldest old today is: |
| | A) | more optimistic than in the past. |
| | B) | about the same as it was in the past. |
| | C) | more pessimistic than in the past. |
| | D) | more optimistic in some respects, but more pessimistic in others. |
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19 | |
Approximately _______ percent of adults 65 and older reside in nursing homes, compared with more than _______ percent of those older than 85. |
| | A) | 5/23 |
| | B) | 5/50 |
| | C) | 10/20 |
| | D) | 10/50 |
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20 | |
Alternatives to nursing homes include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | home health care. |
| | B) | day care centers. |
| | C) | long-term care facilities. |
| | D) | preventive medicine cinics. |
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21 | |
Rodin and Langer found that nursing home patients who were given some responsibility and control over their lives became: |
| | A) | more difficult to manage. |
| | B) | more likely to want to return home. |
| | C) | healthier. |
| | D) | happier, but lived no longer than those given no responsibility or self-control. |
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22 | |
Researchers have found physicians are: |
| | A) | more responsive to older patients. |
| | B) | more responsive to younger patients. |
| | C) | equally responsive to patients of both age groups. |
| | D) | more responsive to those with more severe illnesses, despite their age. |
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23 | |
The use of _______ would reduce the most common cause of severe injury and death in elementary-aged children. |
| | A) | cabinet locks |
| | B) | safety-belt restraints |
| | C) | medic-alert bracelets |
| | D) | chemotherapy |
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24 | |
The main cause of death in middle-aged and older adults is: |
| | A) | motor vehicle accidents. |
| | B) | homicide. |
| | C) | suicide. |
| | D) | chronic disorders. |
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25 | |
Hans Selye observed that, despite the type of stress a person faces, all of the following symptoms appeared EXCEPT: |
| | A) | loss of appetite. |
| | B) | muscular weakness. |
| | C) | increased fatigue. |
| | D) | decreased interest in life. |
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26 | |
Which factor of the Type A personality is most related to coronary heart disease? |
| | A) | excessive competition |
| | B) | being hard-driven |
| | C) | impatience |
| | D) | hostility |
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27 | |
Chronic conditions such as inadequate housing, dangerous neighborhoods, and economic uncertainties are ____________ factors that cause stress. |
| | A) | environmental |
| | B) | sociocultural |
| | C) | physical |
| | D) | cognitive |
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28 | |
Harold believes he can master most situations he's in, and by doing so, produce a positive outcome. Harold is high in: |
| | A) | self-control. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | self-efficacy. |
| | D) | emotion-focused coping. |
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29 | |
According to Martin Seligman, children who are pessimistic: |
| | A) | will become pessimistic adults. |
| | B) | can become optimistic by adult role models. |
| | C) | have a more realistic view of their world. |
| | D) | come from abusive family situations. |
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30 | |
Nutritionists recommend that infants: |
| | A) | consume approximately 50 calories per day for each pound they weigh. |
| | B) | be fed on demand to reduce their stress. |
| | C) | have scheduled feedings to increase the child's orderliness. |
| | D) | have a low-fat diet to avoid obesity. |
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31 | |
The American Pediatric Association would advise mothers NOT to breast-feed in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | when the mother is infected with AIDS. |
| | B) | if the mother has active tuberculosis. |
| | C) | when the mother is overweight. |
| | D) | if the mother is taking a drug that might be unsafe for the infant. |
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32 | |
Eskias, who is 8 months old, has a wasting away of body tissues that is caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency. He is suffering from: |
| | A) | marasmus. |
| | B) | kwashirokor. |
| | C) | failure to thrive syndrome. |
| | D) | AIDS. |
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33 | |
What a child eats during the early childhood period affects all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | skeletal growth. |
| | B) | body shape. |
| | C) | susceptibility to disease. |
| | D) | basal metabolism rate. |
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34 | |
Your child is overweight. What is the best recommendation to help him slim down? |
| | A) | Give him snacks only when he has been good. |
| | B) | Put him on a diet that will help him lose weight. |
| | C) | Encourage him to get more exercise. |
| | D) | Punish him when you find him eating snacks. |
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35 | |
Annette has an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation, which ultimately may lead to her death. Annette suffers from: |
| | A) | bulimia nervosa. |
| | B) | anorexia nervosa. |
| | C) | body dysphoric disorder. |
| | D) | failure to thrive syndrome. |
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36 | |
Which of the following adolescents is most likely to suffer from anorexia? |
| | A) | Bill, an African-American male honor student from a low-income family. |
| | B) | Kayisha, an African-American female honor student from an upper-income family. |
| | C) | Jarod, a White male from a middle-income family who has dropped out of school. |
| | D) | Emily, a White female honor student from an upper-income family. |
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37 | |
Which of the following is LEAST likely to play a role in obesity? |
| | A) | heredity |
| | B) | age |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | environmental factors |
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38 | |
All of the following are environmental influences on body weight, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | basal metabolism rate. |
| | B) | declining physical activity. |
| | C) | energy-saving devices. |
| | D) | greater availability of food. |
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39 | |
____________ are individuals who chronically restrict their food intake to control their weight. |
| | A) | Dieters |
| | B) | Restrained eaters |
| | C) | Yo-yo dieters |
| | D) | Bulimics |
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40 | |
Older men who subscribe to a low-calorie diet: |
| | A) | have been shown to live substantially longer than those who do not. |
| | B) | are likely to die sooner than those who do not. |
| | C) | should be concerned about getting sufficient nutrition in their diets. |
| | D) | should be on high-protein diets with vitamin supplements. |
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41 | |
Vitamin supplements called antioxidants may affect health by counteracting effects of: |
| | A) | white corpuscles. |
| | B) | DNA changes. |
| | C) | free radicals. |
| | D) | cholesterol. |
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42 | |
A 1997 national poll found that ___________ of elementary school children were physically active for 30 minutes every day of the week. |
| | A) | 12 percent |
| | B) | 22 percent |
| | C) | 32 percent |
| | D) | 42 percent |
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43 | |
The main focus of research on the effects of exercise on health has involved: |
| | A) | reducing weight. |
| | B) | preventing cancer. |
| | C) | staying young. |
| | D) | preventing heart disease. |
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44 | |
At age 30 you find you are a successful, hard-working executive, but you are also slightly overweight and have increasing difficulty coping with the tension in your life. What do the "experts" recommend you do to ensure good health? |
| | A) | Lose weight. |
| | B) | Start a weightlifting program in which you alternate exercise of muscle groups every day. |
| | C) | Walk or jog at a brisk pace for 30 minutes every day. |
| | D) | Push yourself to jog fast for 30 minutes three to five times a week. |
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45 | |
Blumenthal et al. (1989) found that older adults who were _______ experienced significant improvement in cardiovascular fitness. |
| | A) | in a yoga class |
| | B) | taught transcendental meditation |
| | C) | on a weight-loss program |
| | D) | in an aerobic exercise group |
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46 | |
Which industrialized nation has the highest rate of adolescent drug use? |
| | A) | the Netherlands |
| | B) | Great Britain |
| | C) | Denmark |
| | D) | the United States |
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47 | |
Research on adolescents smoking patterns has demonstrated: |
| | A) | cigarette smoking has gradually increased since 1997. |
| | B) | approximately one-fourth of American adolescents are active smokers at the end of their high school years. |
| | C) | although most high school students are smoking less now than in 1997, seniors are smoking more. |
| | D) | smoking in the adolescent years causes permanent genetic changes in the lungs. |
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48 | |
A longitudinal study by Gerald Bachman (1997) found all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | college students drink less than youths who end their education after high school. |
| | B) | people who do not go to college smoke more. |
| | C) | nonmarried people use marijuana more than married individuals. |
| | D) | becoming engaged, married, or remarried brings down alcohol use. |
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49 | |
Exposure to _______ increases children's risk for developing respiratory and middle-ear diseases. |
| | A) | tobacco smoke |
| | B) | cocaine |
| | C) | lead |
| | D) | pesticides |
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50 | |
________, a behavior modification technique in which the smoker is sensitized to smoking cues, has been used effectively in getting some individuals to stop smoking. |
| | A) | Stimulus control |
| | B) | Systematic desensitization |
| | C) | Cue sensitization |
| | D) | Cognitive control |
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51 | |
______ is a pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming involvement with using a drug and securing its supply. |
| | A) | Drug tolerance |
| | B) | Addiction |
| | C) | Drug withdrawal |
| | D) | Substance abuse |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education