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1 | |
Emotion is a mixture of: |
| | A) | unconscious and universal processes. |
| | B) | conscious experience and unconscious processes. |
| | C) | physiological arousal and overt behavior. |
| | D) | physiological arousal, unconscious processes, and behavioral expression. |
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2 | |
_________ represent the first language used by infants and parents. |
| | A) | Emotions |
| | B) | Facial expressions |
| | C) | Words |
| | D) | Gazes |
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3 | |
Linda and Mark monitor their children's emotions, see the children's negative emotions as teaching opportunities, help their children label emotions, and coach them in dealing with emotions. Linda and Mark are __________ parents. |
| | A) | emotion-coaching |
| | B) | emotion-dismissing |
| | C) | positive-affective |
| | D) | comforting-guiding |
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4 | |
Popular children tend to do all of the following in intensely emotional contexts, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | regulate their excitability. |
| | B) | make transitions to less active play. |
| | C) | reject their highly emotional peers. |
| | D) | continue play activities. |
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5 | |
All of the following are among the developmental trends in regulating emotions, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | with increasing age, regulation of emotion shifts from internal resources to external sources. |
| | B) | cognitive strategies for regulating emotions increase with age. |
| | C) | with age, children become more capable of selecting effective ways to cope with stress. |
| | D) | with age, individuals become more adept at managing situations to minimize negative emotion. |
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6 | |
___________ intelligence is a form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and action. |
| | A) | Practical |
| | B) | Emotional |
| | C) | Intellectual |
| | D) | Experiential |
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7 | |
Daniel Goleman believes that when it comes to predicting an individual's competence: |
| | A) | IQ matters more than emotional intelligence. |
| | B) | emotional intelligence matters more than IQ |
| | C) | practical intelligence matters more than IQ. |
| | D) | practical intelligence matters more than emotional intelligence. |
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8 | |
Carroll Izard (1982) developed the Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System (MAX), which is a system designed to measure: |
| | A) | attention. |
| | B) | emotion. |
| | C) | memory. |
| | D) | fear. |
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9 | |
Which of the following emotions develops before the others? |
| | A) | guilt |
| | B) | contempt |
| | C) | surprise |
| | D) | shame |
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10 | |
Which cry is a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter inspiratory whistle somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry, then another brief rest before the next cry? |
| | A) | basic |
| | B) | anger |
| | C) | pain |
| | D) | colicky |
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11 | |
The ________ smile appears in response to an external stimulus. |
| | A) | social |
| | B) | internal |
| | C) | reflexive |
| | D) | universal |
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12 | |
Which of the following situations is most likely to produce stranger anxiety in an infant? |
| | A) | sitting on the mother's lap |
| | B) | meeting a stranger in a research laboratory |
| | C) | meeting a stranger in the infant's home |
| | D) | encountering a stranger who smiles |
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13 | |
Children show an increased ability to reflect on emotions by age: |
| | A) | 18 to 24 months. |
| | B) | 2 to 3 years. |
| | C) | 4 to 5 years. |
| | D) | 6 to 7 years. |
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14 | |
Hermione is experiencing emotional changes characteristic of children in elementary school. Thus we would expect her to exhibit all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | emotions becoming more externalized. |
| | B) | increased understanding that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation. |
| | C) | improved ability to conceal negative emotions. |
| | D) | use of self-initiated strategies to redirect her feelings. |
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15 | |
Socioemotional selectivity theory argues that older adults deliberately withdraw from social contact with: |
| | A) | individuals peripheral to their lives. |
| | B) | close friends. |
| | C) | family members. |
| | D) | all but a few close family members and health-care professionals. |
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16 | |
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults narrow their social circles: |
| | A) | because they are preparing for death. |
| | B) | to have social partners who satisfy their emotional needs. |
| | C) | because it is more difficult for them to maintain large social networks. |
| | D) | as they become increasingly depressed. |
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17 | |
Research by Kasser and Ryan (1999) assessing the emotional well-being of older adults in nursing homes found that ___________ is linked with overall well-being. |
| | A) | emotional quality |
| | B) | number of the residents' social contacts |
| | C) | education |
| | D) | activity level |
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18 | |
Temperament is best defined as: |
| | A) | the way an individual reacts to a special person in the environment. |
| | B) | an individual's general behavioral style. |
| | C) | the emotions experienced by infants and children. |
| | D) | the reaction displayed by a parent when a child engages in an unwanted activity. |
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19 | |
Chess and Thomas believe the _________ child is the most typical temperament. |
| | A) | easy |
| | B) | feisty |
| | C) | difficult |
| | D) | slow-to-warm-up |
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20 | |
The revised classifications of temperament proposed by Rothbart and Bates (1998) include all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | positive affect and approach. |
| | B) | negative affectivity. |
| | C) | emotionality. |
| | D) | effortful control |
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21 | |
____________ influences temperament, but the degree of influence depends on . |
| | A) | Heredity/environmental experiences |
| | B) | Environmental experiences/heredity |
| | C) | Affectivity/situational experiences |
| | D) | Environment/long-term experiences |
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22 | |
Temperament experts Ann Sanson and Mary Rothbart (1995) concluded that: |
| | A) | we are now able to define what is involved in "good parenting." |
| | B) | parents should refrain from structuring their child's environment. |
| | C) | researchers have not yet developed any effective programs for dealing with the "difficult child." |
| | D) | parents need to be sensitive to their infant's signals and needs. |
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23 | |
According to Thomas and Chess, children who have a(n) __________ temperament at 3 to 5 years of age were ________ to be well-adjusted as young adults. |
| | A) | easy/likely |
| | B) | difficult/likely |
| | C) | shy/likely |
| | D) | shy/not likely |
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24 | |
Psychoanalyst John Bowlby attributes childhood depression to all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | insecure attachment. |
| | B) | a lack of love and affection in child rearing. |
| | C) | a chemical imbalance. |
| | D) | the loss of a parent in childhood. |
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25 | |
Statistically speaking, which of the following is MOST likely to develop depression? |
| | A) | D'Andre, a 6-year-old male |
| | B) | Millie, a 14-year-old female |
| | C) | Martin, a 14-year-old male |
| | D) | Anabelle, a 70-year-old female |
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26 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason given for the sex differences in rates of depression among adolescent males and females? |
| | A) | Females tend to ruminate in their depressed mood and amplify it. |
| | B) | Males' self-images are more negative than self-images of females. |
| | C) | Females' body images are more negative than body images of males. |
| | D) | Females face more discrimination than males. |
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27 | |
When comparing depression of older and younger adults, researchers have found all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | feelings of guilt are less common in older adults. |
| | B) | older depressed adults show more general physical decline than younger depressed adults. |
| | C) | social isolation is more strongly linked with depression in older adults than in younger adults. |
| | D) | body complaints are more common in older depressed adults than in younger depressed adults. |
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28 | |
Which method of suicide is more likely to be used by a male? |
| | A) | sleeping pills |
| | B) | guns |
| | C) | knives |
| | D) | carbon monoxide poisoning |
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29 | |
Using statistical trends as a guide, who is MOST likely to commit (i.e., attempt and be successful at) suicide? |
| | A) | Jason, a 5-year-old male |
| | B) | Emory, a 16-year-old male |
| | C) | Austin, an 81-one-year-old male |
| | D) | Amelia, an 81-one-year-old female |
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30 | |
_________ is a close emotional connection between the infant and the caregiver. |
| | A) | Bonding |
| | B) | Attachment |
| | C) | Closeness |
| | D) | Security |
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31 | |
The research of Harry Harlow and Robert Zimmerman (1959) found that the critical element in the attachment process is: |
| | A) | oral satisfaction. |
| | B) | contact comfort. |
| | C) | feeding the infant. |
| | D) | consistent interaction. |
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32 | |
The stage that Erik Erikson believed is most relevant to the formation of attachment is the _________ stage. |
| | A) | anal |
| | B) | phallic |
| | C) | trust versus mistrust |
| | D) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
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33 | |
Randy, a normal infant, now has increased locomotor skills, so he actively seeks contact with his mother and father. Randy is in phase __________ of attachment. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 4 |
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34 | |
Mary Ainsworth believes that attachment security depends on: |
| | A) | how sensitive and responsive the caregiver is to infant signals. |
| | B) | the mother's love and concern for the welfare of her child. |
| | C) | the consistency of parental responses during the child care routine. |
| | D) | reinforcement of attachment behaviors by the caregiver. |
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35 | |
You are asked to babysit your niece for the evening. When the parents put the child down so they can finish getting dressed, she heads toward her toys while she watches her parents find their coats. Your niece is demonstrating which kind of attachment? |
| | A) | secure |
| | B) | avoidant |
| | C) | resistant |
| | D) | disorganized |
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36 | |
Jerome Kagan has emphasized the importance of __________ as a determinant of social competence. |
| | A) | bonding |
| | B) | temperament |
| | C) | peer responsiveness |
| | D) | learning |
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37 | |
All of the following are criticisms of attachment theories, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | genetics and temperament have not been accounted for and may play more of a role in development than the nature of the attachment. |
| | B) | the role of multiple social agents and changing social contexts have been largely ignored in the study of attachment. |
| | C) | cultural variations show different patterns of attachment. |
| | D) | the relationship between the parent and the infant is not emphasized enough. |
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38 | |
In maternal and paternal infant interactions: |
| | A) | fathers' interactions are more likely to include play. |
| | B) | fathers' interactions are more likely to center around child care activities. |
| | C) | fathers are less able than mothers to act sensitively and responsively with their infants. |
| | D) | no big differences are seen in mothers' and fathers' interactions with infants in today's "typical" American family. |
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39 | |
In a Swedish study where mothers work and fathers stay home with the baby, the fathers: |
| | A) | reverse roles and behave like the typical mother in many respects. |
| | B) | interact with their babies in the usual fatherly manner. |
| | C) | are more likely to discipline and comfort the infant than the mothers. |
| | D) | play with their infants in a less physical manner than do the mothers. |
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40 | |
Day care for American children: |
| | A) | is primarily provided by large day care centers. |
| | B) | is least often provided in private homes. |
| | C) | is run by nonprofit organizations. |
| | D) | varies extensively. |
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41 | |
In his research concerning the effects of child care on children, Kagan has found in the experimental program at Harvard that: |
| | A) | day care had long-term, detrimental effects on children. |
| | B) | day care had no observed adverse effects. |
| | C) | day care facilitated development. |
| | D) | the effects of day care are dependent on the length and type of care given. |
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42 | |
A longitudinal study by the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) assessed the child care experiences of children and their development and found all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | infants from low-income families were more likely to receive low-quality child care than their higher-income counterparts. |
| | B) | child care did not adversely affect the security of infants' attachments to their mothers. |
| | C) | the quality of child care was linked with fewer child problems. |
| | D) | children reared in the exclusive care of their mothers had higher cognitive abilities. |
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43 | |
Life-span developmentalists agree that secure attachment: |
| | A) | is essential to adult social competence. |
| | B) | is not essential, but is a factor in adult social competence. |
| | C) | is not an important factor in adult social competence. |
| | D) | cannot easily be connected to adult social competence. |
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44 | |
Early romantic relationships serve as a context for adolescents to do all of the following, EXCEPT explore: |
| | A) | their sexuality. |
| | B) | how attractive they are. |
| | C) | how to interact romantically. |
| | D) | how their relationships look to the peer group. |
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45 | |
John and Mary, juniors in high school, have been dating for the past two months and are in love with each other. According to research on dating scripts, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur? |
| | A) | John calls Mary to ask her out, and she accepts. |
| | B) | John invites Mary out to dinner, and she drives to the restaurant. |
| | C) | John asks Mary what she would like to eat and she says, "Why don't you order for me?" |
| | D) | John kisses Mary goodnight and she responds accordingly. |
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46 | |
Ilene readily talks about her relationships, but is rather incoherent when she does. When talking about her parents, she switches between expressing her anger at them and trying to impress you with how she continues trying to please them. Which category of attachment would characterize Ilene? |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | insecure-dismissing attachment |
| | C) | insecure-clinging attachment |
| | D) | insecure-preoccupied attachment |
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47 | |
Ellen Berscheid (2000) believes that ________ is the most important ingredient of romantic love. |
| | A) | sexual desire |
| | B) | commitment |
| | C) | proximity |
| | D) | respect |
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48 | |
When unattached college students identified their closest relationship, most named: |
| | A) | a friend. |
| | B) | their parents. |
| | C) | a close, but nonparent, relative. |
| | D) | a romantic partner. |
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49 | |
The type of love that occurs when individuals desire to have the other person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person is: |
| | A) | affectionate love. |
| | B) | consummate love. |
| | C) | friendship. |
| | D) | romantic love. |
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50 | |
In his triangular theory of love, Robert Sternberg describes all of the following types of love, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | passion. |
| | B) | intimacy. |
| | C) | commitment. |
| | D) | romance. |
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51 | |
If the only real attraction that Richard and Jamie feel toward each other is sexual, Robert Sternberg would argue that they are: |
| | A) | experiencing infatuation. |
| | B) | experiencing companionate love. |
| | C) | experiencing fatuous love. |
| | D) | not experiencing love. |
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52 | |
In what way are friends different from romantic partners? |
| | A) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve fascination and exclusiveness. |
| | B) | Relationships with friends are more likely to involve fascination and exclusiveness. |
| | C) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve trust and spontaneity. |
| | D) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve acceptance and mutual assistance. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education