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1 | |
____ are the units of heredity. |
| | A) | Cells |
| | B) | Genes |
| | C) | Chromosomes |
| | D) | Alleles |
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2 | |
Variants of genes are called ____ and arise by a process called ____. |
| | A) | alleles, mutation |
| | B) | mutants, mutation |
| | C) | recessives, differentiation |
| | D) | chromosomes, mitosis |
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3 | |
A variant in sequence that is present in at least 1% of a population is called a (an) |
| | A) | gene. |
| | B) | allele. |
| | C) | autosome. |
| | D) | polymorphism. |
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4 | |
Which of the following is not a potential use for results of DNA microarray testing? |
| | A) | determining the probability that your offspring will carry the gene for a particular trait |
| | B) | determining which genes are active in cells affected with cancer |
| | C) | determining whether a particular drug will be toxic for you |
| | D) | All of the above are potential uses of DNA microarray testing. |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is true regarding genomes? |
| | A) | Humans and chimpanzees share about 50% of their DNA sequences. |
| | B) | Two members of different races may have more genes in common than two members of the same race. |
| | C) | The more different DNA sequences of two species are to one another, the more recently two species diverged from a single ancestor. |
| | D) | All of the above are true regarding genomes. |
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6 | |
The alleles in a population constitute the |
| | A) | chromosome complement. |
| | B) | karyotype. |
| | C) | gene pool. |
| | D) | allele group. |
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7 | |
The probability that a child in a particular family will inherit a recessive disorder is 1/4. If the parents have three normal children, what is the probability that their fourth child will inherit the disorder? |
| | A) | 0 |
| | B) | 1/4 |
| | C) | 1/2 |
| | D) | 1 |
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8 | |
A gene may have many alleles, but each individual has only two alleles because |
| | A) | having more than two alleles is lethal. |
| | B) | having more than two alleles unbalances the chromosomes. |
| | C) | a person has two parents who each contribute one allele. |
| | D) | a backup set of alleles is necessary in case something goes wrong. |
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9 | |
The ____ refers to the allele combinations for particular genes while ____ is the expression of that allele combination. |
| | A) | phenotype, karyotype |
| | B) | karyotype, phenotype |
| | C) | genotype, autosome |
| | D) | genotype, phenotype |
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10 | |
Linda and Ben request prenatal genetic testing to determine if their unborn child has Down syndrome. Cells are collected from the fetus and the chromosomes are examined in a ____ analysis. |
| | A) | pedigree |
| | B) | karyotype |
| | C) | multifactorial |
| | D) | Mendelian |
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11 | |
Which of the following genetic disorders is not thought to be Mendelian? |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis |
| | B) | Tay-Sachs disease |
| | C) | hemophilia |
| | D) | hypertension |
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12 | |
Julie is at risk for developing a genetic disorder. Her absolute risk of developing the disease over her lifetime is 4 in 10. The risk to the general population is 16 in 100. Calculate Julie's relative risk and advise her accordingly. |
| | A) | her relative risk is less than 1: her chance if developing the illness is less than that of the general population |
| | B) | her relative risk indicates a greater-than-2-fold risk compared to an individual in the general population |
| | C) | her relative risk indicates that she is as likely to develop the illness as an individual from the general population |
| | D) | no inferences can be made given the information in question 12 |
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13 | |
How do genetic diseases differ from other diseases? |
| | A) | recurrence risk is predictabl |
| | B) | presymptomatic testing is possible |
| | C) | different populations have different characteristic frequencies |
| | D) | all of the above |
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14 | |
A transgenic organism has |
| | A) | genes, other organisms do not. |
| | B) | genes from different species. |
| | C) | a dominant phenotype. |
| | D) | had its genome sequenced. |
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15 | |
The technique of ____ attempts to correct certain genetic disorders. |
| | A) | karyotype analysis |
| | B) | risk assessment |
| | C) | genomics |
| | D) | gene therapy |
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16 | |
A 54-year-old man and his 26-year-old son are each accused of committing a rape. Why would DNA fingerprinting be difficult in evaluating this case? |
| | A) | DNA typing requires samples from relatives to compare to the crime scene sample |
| | B) | father and son are likely to have the same alleles for sequences examined |
| | C) | we cannot be certain that father and son are biologically related so comparisons are not possible |
| | D) | none of the above |
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17 | |
A human female has ____ pairs of autosomes and the sex chromosome complement of |
| | A) | 23, XX. |
| | B) | 23, X. |
| | C) | 22, XX. |
| | D) | 22, XY. |
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18 | |
Wearing contact lenses that change the color of the eyes changes the |
| | A) | phenotype. |
| | B) | genotype. |
| | C) | both a and b. |
| | D) | neither a nor b. |
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19 | |
Which of the following is the genetic material? |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | RNA |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | it has not been identified |
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20 | |
Geneticist Hermann J. Muller wrote "In a sense we contain ourselves, wrapped up within ourselves, trillions of times repeated." To what does this quote refer? |
| | A) | the cell |
| | B) | the population |
| | C) | the society |
| | D) | the genome |
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