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1 | |
The genes in a population comprise its |
| | A) | gene allocation. |
| | B) | gene flow. |
| | C) | gene pool. |
| | D) | genotype. |
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2 | |
Consider a gene in a population where the dominant allele G occurs in 56% of the gametes. What is the frequency of the recessive allele? |
| | A) | 56% |
| | B) | 44% |
| | C) | 0% |
| | D) | cannot be determined |
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3 | |
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of individuals are heterozygous if p = 0.6? |
| | A) | 16% |
| | B) | 24% |
| | C) | 35% |
| | D) | 48% |
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4 | |
A highly variable gene variant or DNA sequence present in more than 1% of a population is called a |
| | A) | polymorphism. |
| | B) | VNTR. |
| | C) | STR. |
| | D) | RFLP. |
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5 | |
The differences in DNA fragment sizes resulting from differences in restriction enzyme cutting sites are called |
| | A) | polymorphisms. |
| | B) | VNTRs. |
| | C) | STRs. |
| | D) | RFLPs. |
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6 | |
Short sequences of DNA are amplified by ____ before they are analyzed. |
| | A) | RFLP |
| | B) | STR |
| | C) | PCR |
| | D) | small sequences are not used in DNA analysis |
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7 | |
The ____ rule of probability is used to calculate the likelihood that someone other than the suspect in a forensic case may have left the crime scene sample. |
| | A) | sum |
| | B) | product |
| | C) | additive |
| | D) | probability is not used to calculate matches |
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8 | |
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments of different sizes with ____ fragments moving closer to the ____ pole. |
| | A) | shorter, negative |
| | B) | shorter, positive |
| | C) | longer, negative |
| | D) | longer, positive |
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9 | |
The chance of carrying the cystic fibrosis allele is 1/23 in the Caucasian population. The risk for two unrelated Caucasian individuals, neither of whom have a family history of CF, of having an affected child is |
| | A) | 1/4 x 1/4. |
| | B) | 1/23 x 1/23 x 1/4. |
| | C) | 1/23 x 1/23. |
| | D) | 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/23. |
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10 | |
Approximately 1/2000 individuals have a recessive genetic disorder. What is the frequency of the recessive allele? |
| | A) | 0.005 |
| | B) | 0.995 |
| | C) | 0.978 |
| | D) | 0.022 |
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11 | |
Which of the following represents the proportion of individuals within a population displaying a dominant phenotype? |
| | A) | p2 |
| | B) | 2pq |
| | C) | p2 +n 2pq |
| | D) | p2 + 2pq + q2 |
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12 | |
Assume that the frequency of PKU (a recessive disorder) in your state is 1/2500. What is the frequency of the PKU allele in this population? |
| | A) | 0.0004 |
| | B) | 0.0008 |
| | C) | 0.02 |
| | D) | 0.98 |
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13 | |
Following Question 12, what proportion of the population carries the PKU allele? |
| | A) | 0.0004 |
| | B) | 0.0392 |
| | C) | 0.0008 |
| | D) | 0.9604 |
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14 | |
Given the carrier frequency in Question 13, what is the chance that two individuals with no family history of PKU are both carriers? |
| | A) | 0.0015 |
| | B) | 0.0784 |
| | C) | 0.9224 |
| | D) | 0.0000006 |
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15 | |
The chance that the couple in Question 14 will produce a child with PKU is |
| | A) | 0.0004. |
| | B) | 0.0011. |
| | C) | 0.00075. |
| | D) | 0.0196. |
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16 | |
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 male births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele? |
| | A) | 0.000025 |
| | B) | 0.005 |
| | C) | 0.071 |
| | D) | 0.995 |
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17 | |
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 male births, what is the frequency of affected females? |
| | A) | 0.000025 |
| | B) | 0.005 |
| | C) | 0.071 |
| | D) | 0.995 |
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18 | |
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 female births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele? |
| | A) | 0.000025 |
| | B) | 0.005 |
| | C) | 0.071 |
| | D) | 0.995 |
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19 | |
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 female births, what is the frequency of affected males? |
| | A) | 0.000025 |
| | B) | 0.005 |
| | C) | 0.071 |
| | D) | 0.995 |
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20 | |
DNA collected from a crime scene and from a suspect both have the following genotype A1A2 B2B2 C1C2. If the frequencies of the A1, B1, and C1 alleles are 0.9, 0.99, and 0.8 respectively, calculate the probability that another person in the suspect's group has the same pattern of these alleles. |
| | A) | 1.44 x 10-6 |
| | B) | 5.76 x 10-6 |
| | C) | 0.400 |
| | D) | 0.600 |
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21 | |
Assume that you encounter a very large population of mice that have an unusual mating system: individuals with a streak of white fur between the eyes mate only with individuals lacking this marking. Is this population likely to be in equilibrium? Why or why not? |
| | A) | yes, the population is large |
| | B) | yes, individuals with the trait preferentially mate with those lacking the trait |
| | C) | no, mating is non-random |
| | D) | no, mutation has occurred in this population resulting in the white streak trait |
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22 | |
____ is the source of new alleles in a population. |
| | A) | genetic drift |
| | B) | mutation |
| | C) | selection |
| | D) | nonrandom mating |
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23 | |
The Mennonite and Amish populations have many autosomal recessive illnesses that are extremely rare elsewhere. This is not because |
| | A) | they descended from a few founding families. |
| | B) | they marry among themselves. |
| | C) | spontaneous mutations occur at a very high rate. |
| | D) | all of the above account for the prevalence of recessive disorder. |
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24 | |
Who was the first person in the United States to be convicted of a crime on the basis of DNA evidence? |
| | A) | Nancy Hodge |
| | B) | Godfrey Hardy |
| | C) | Alec Jeffries |
| | D) | Tommie Lee Andrews |
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25 | |
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele will ____ over time. |
| | A) | increase |
| | B) | decrease |
| | C) | remain the same |
| | D) | vary over time |
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