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1 | |
Human height is an example of a (an) ____ trait. |
| | A) | autosomal |
| | B) | sex-linked |
| | C) | epistatic |
| | D) | polygenic |
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2 | |
Which genotype would result in an individual with medium-colored skin? |
| | A) | AabbCC |
| | B) | AABBcc |
| | C) | AaBbcc |
| | D) | aabbcc |
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3 | |
Heritability is a measurement that estimates the proportion of |
| | A) | genetic variation in a group that can be attributed to phenotype. |
| | B) | phenotypic variation in an individual that can be attributed to genes. |
| | C) | phenotypic variation in a group that can be attributed to genes. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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4 | |
Siblings share ____% of their genes while fraternal twins share ____% and identical twins share ____% of their genes (on average). |
| | A) | 50, 50, 50 |
| | B) | 50, 100, 100 |
| | C) | 100, 100, 100 |
| | D) | 50, 50, 100 |
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5 | |
In humans, obesity has a heritability of 0.75. Expression of weight gain is |
| | A) | inherited from a parent 75% of the time. |
| | B) | solely dependent on the inheritance of weight gain genes. |
| | C) | strongly influenced by the environment. |
| | D) | dependent on the inheritance of genes and the influence of the environment. |
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6 | |
Which of the following is not an example of a multifactorial trait? |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis |
| | B) | sleep disorders |
| | C) | heart health |
| | D) | intelligence |
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7 | |
A gene encoding a protein called ____ is involved in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. |
| | A) | leptin |
| | B) | dopamine |
| | C) | angiotensinogen |
| | D) | none of the above |
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8 | |
The most informative studies on how and to what degree heredity and the environment influence human traits have relied on data from |
| | A) | adopted children. |
| | B) | monozygotic twins separated at birth. |
| | C) | dizygotic twins reared apart. |
| | D) | monozygotic twins and their biological parents. |
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9 | |
Geneticists calculate the ____ of a trait, or the degree to which it is inherited, as the percentage of pairs in which both twins express the trait. |
| | A) | heritability |
| | B) | coefficient of relationship |
| | C) | concordance |
| | D) | empiric risk |
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10 | |
A trait more often present in both members of MZ twin pairs than in both DZ twin pairs has a |
| | A) | significant environmental component. |
| | B) | significant inherited component. |
| | C) | significant random component. |
| | D) | no conclusions can be drawn in this case. |
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11 | |
The risk of recurrence of a trait based on known incidence in a population refers to |
| | A) | the empiric risk. |
| | B) | the correlation coefficient. |
| | C) | heritability. |
| | D) | concordance. |
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12 | |
Can a child have darker skin than either of their parents? |
| | A) | yes |
| | B) | no |
| | C) | no basis for determination |
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13 | |
The correlation coefficient between identical twins for body weight was calculated to be 0.42. What is the heritability of body weight? |
| | A) | 0 |
| | B) | 0.21 |
| | C) | 0.42 |
| | D) | 0.84 |
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14 | |
The correlation coefficient between fraternal twins for body weight was calculated to be 0.42. What is the heritability of body weight? |
| | A) | 0 |
| | B) | 0.21 |
| | C) | 0.42 |
| | D) | 0.84 |
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15 | |
Which of the following proteins affects body weight? |
| | A) | apolipoprotein |
| | B) | dopamine |
| | C) | leptin |
| | D) | angiotensinogen |
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16 | |
A correlation coefficient of 1.0 indicates |
| | A) | a perfect inverse relationship. |
| | B) | a very poor relationship. |
| | C) | no relationship between variables. |
| | D) | a perfect direct relationship. |
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17 | |
Characteristics shared by adopted children and their biological parents are mostly ____ while their similarities with adoptive parents reflect ____ influences. |
| | A) | environmental, heritable |
| | B) | genetic, environmental |
| | C) | genetic, heritable |
| | D) | plastic, immutable |
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18 | |
Assume that three pairs of alleles with no environmental modification control height in humans. In this model, each dominant allele contributes four inches to a base height of four feet. What is the range of heights possible in this population? |
| | A) | 0 - 2 feet |
| | B) | 4 - 5 feet |
| | C) | 2 - 4 feet |
| | D) | 4 - 6 feet |
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19 | |
Following question 19, if a woman of the minimal height specified marries a man of intermediate height, what is the maximum height of a child they produce could achieve? |
| | A) | 3 feet |
| | B) | 4 feet |
| | C) | 5 feet |
| | D) | 6 feet |
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20 | |
In general, empiric risk for an individual increase with |
| | A) | the severity of the disorder. |
| | B) | the number of affected family members. |
| | C) | how closely related the person is to affected individuals. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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21 | |
A higher heritability would be found for a trait in a population that is |
| | A) | homozygous for genes affecting the trait. |
| | B) | in a uniform environment. |
| | C) | heterozygous for genes affecting the trait. |
| | D) | in a heterogeneous environment. |
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22 | |
Given that eye color is controlled by two pairs of genes, what are the genotypes of the lightest-eyed parents who could produce a child with medium brown eyes? |
| | A) | AABB x aabb |
| | B) | AAbb x aaBB |
| | C) | AaBb x Aabb |
| | D) | Aabb x Aabb |
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23 | |
Association studies |
| | A) | make use of SNP mapping. |
| | B) | relate sequence patterns to the probability of developing a particular disorder. |
| | C) | are more powerful than heritability studies. |
| | D) | All of the above are true in regard to association studies. |
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