Multiple Choice Quiz


1	Bernie describes himself as in control, masculine, and intelligent when he is with his girlfriend; but when he is with his buddies, he describes himself as fun loving and spontaneous. Bernie is
		A)	two-faced.
		B)	differentiated.
		C)	schizophrenic.
		D)	lacking an identity.


2	________ felt that when the real and ideal selves are too discrepant, it is a sign of maladjustment.
		A)	Susan Harter
		B)	Erik Erikson
		C)	Carl Rogers
		D)	Jean Phinney


3	Adolescents are more likely than children to
		A)	use social comparison.
		B)	be self-conscious.
		C)	be preoccupied with understanding.
		D)	All of the above.


4	Which of the following is NOT one of Marcia's phases describing changes in adolescence?
		A)	Reconstruction
		B)	Deconstruction
		C)	Self-understanding
		D)	Consolidation


5	Joyce is on a date with someone she wants to impress. She uses large words that she does not normally use and exaggerates her intellectual ability. She is exhibiting her
		A)	negative possible self
		B)	positive possible self.
		C)	ideal self.
		D)	false self.


6	________ involves domain-specific evaluations of the self.
		A)	Self-esteem
		B)	Self-concept
		C)	Positive possible self
		D)	Negative possible self


7	________ is the global evaluative dimension of the self.
		A)	Self-esteem
		B)	Self-concept
		C)	Positive possible self
		D)	Negative possible self


8	________ refers to an individuals' beliefs that they can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
		A)	Self-esteem
		B)	Self-concept
		C)	Self-efficacy
		D)	Self-reference


9	Adolescents understand that there may be an unconscious aspect of the self because they have
		A)	formal operations.
		B)	concrete knowledge of the unconscious.
		C)	better education about unconscious influences.
		D)	a broad world-view.


10	An adolescent who starts to admit inconsistencies in his behavior is achieving
		A)	his ideal self.
		B)	egocentrism.
		C)	self-reference
		D)	self-integration.


11	Using two instruments to measure self-esteem is considered by developmental psychologists as
		A)	likely to lead to confusion.
		B)	likely to give inconsistent results.
		C)	likely to reflect the richness of the self.
		D)	unethical.


12	Which of the following parental characteristics is associated with self-esteem in children?
		A)	Expression of affection
		B)	Setting permissive rules
		C)	Conflicted family environments
		D)	Parental intelligence


13	Rodney's parents don't set any limits on his behavior. The family seems to always be in a state of chaos. Research indicates that Rodney's self-esteem will likely be
		A)	low.
		B)	high.
		C)	unconscious.
		D)	differentiated.


14	Programs that emphasize both academic and social skills are likely to enhance
		A)	identity achievement.
		B)	patience.
		C)	self-esteem.
		D)	harmonious family relationships.


15	Which is the most accurate statement of Erikson's views on identity development?
		A)	Losing your identity in a crowd is a form of identity confusion.
		B)	Running away and dropping out of school indicates moratorium.
		C)	The identity crisis is unrelated to earlier psychosocial stages.
		D)	Experimenting with different roles and personalities indicates a negative identity.


16	According to James Marcia and others, identity formation
		A)	is a lifetime activity.
		B)	should occur after intimacy.
		C)	is much easier than Erikson made it out to be.
		D)	does not require advanced thinking skills.


17	Karen, who is in a state of identity foreclosure,
		A)	has not experienced any crisis or made any commitment.
		B)	has made a commitment but has not experienced a crisis.
		C)	is in the midst of a crisis.
		D)	has undergone a crisis and made a commitment.


18	Jackson came home with green spiked hair. ________ is the least adequate explanation for his behavior?
		A)	Identity moratorium
		B)	Negative identity
		C)	Identity confusion
		D)	Identity foreclosure


19	Which of the following is NOT one of Helms' stages of Ethnic Development?
		A)	Preencounter
		B)	Immersion
		C)	Encounter
		D)	Conversation


20	Which of the following is NOT one of Marcia's four statuses of identity?
		A)	Identity moratorium
		B)	Negative identity
		C)	Identity diffusion
		D)	Identity foreclosure


21	According to Cooper and her colleagues, the two dimensions of connectedness are
		A)	bonding and respect.
		B)	mutuality and sensitivity.
		C)	self- and other-connectedness.
		D)	mutuality and permeability.


22	Adolescence may be a particularly difficult time for minority individuals because this is the time they
		A)	are subject to the most intense discrimination.
		B)	also confront their own ethnicity.
		C)	have the fewest resources to achieve identity.
		D)	become aware of other people's resources.


23	Gender differences in identity formation
		A)	are a backlash against the women's movement.
		B)	are greater now because of the New Age movement.
		C)	have decreased in the last twenty years.
		D)	are the same as they have always been.


24	Erikson believed that intimacy should come after one has established
		A)	identity.
		B)	trust.
		C)	generativity.
		D)	Industry.


25	Jacob Orlofsky discovered that college students who had a stable sense of identity were more likely to achieve ________ status.
		A)	stereotyped
		B)	preintimacy
		C)	pseudointimacy
		D)	intimacy


26	________-focused is the first level of relationship maturity.
		A)	Role
		B)	Image
		C)	Self
		D)	Parent


27	Robert Weiss distinguished between
		A)	emotional and social isolation.
		B)	individuation and connectedness.
		C)	intimate and isolated relationships.
		D)	situational and chronic loneliness.


28	The Boston Compact Youth Incentive Program provides troubled adolescents with
		A)	good-paying jobs.
		B)	birth control counseling.
		C)	day care centers.
		D)	food stamps.

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