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1 | |
What did Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia (1980) create? |
| | A) | A qualified First Amendment right of only the press to attend trials. |
| | B) | A qualified First Amendment right of the press and the public to attend trials. |
| | C) | An absolute First Amendment right of only the press to attend trials. |
| | D) | An absolute First Amendment right of the press and the public to attend trials. |
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2 | |
According to Publicker Industries v. Cohen (1984): |
| | A) | Civil trials do not have to be open to the public. |
| | B) | Civil trials must be open to the public. |
| | C) | Absent a substantial state interest, civil trials should be open. |
| | D) | Absent a substantial interest on the part of a litigant, civil trials should be open. |
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3 | |
Juvenile hearings are: |
| | A) | Based on Richmond Newspapers, presumed open. |
| | B) | Mandated open in some states by state constitutions or state law. |
| | C) | Never open because of privacy considerations. |
| | D) | Never open because they are intended to rehabilitate rather than punish young people. |
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4 | |
According to Globe Newspapers v. Superior Court (1982), state law may: |
| | A) | Require judges to close sexual assault victims' testimony. |
| | B) | Require judges to close sexual assault victims' testimony only when the victims are children. |
| | C) | Permit judges to close sexual assault victims' testimony. |
| | D) | Permit judges to close sexual assault victims' testimony only when the victims are children. |
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5 | |
As a general rule: |
| | A) | Trials are presumptively open to the public and the press. |
| | B) | Juvenile trials may be open or closed to the public depending on the state and the circumstances. |
| | C) | Even at an open trial, some testimony may be taken in secret. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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6 | |
In U.S. v. McVeigh (1997), the Press-Enterprise test: |
| | A) | Kept the judge from closing court documents. |
| | B) | Supported the judge's closure of court documents. |
| | C) | Was not used because the pretrial publicity was so much greater than in other cases. |
| | D) | Resulted in reporters being excluded from the courtroom. |
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7 | |
Pretrial hearings: |
| | A) | Are usually closed. |
| | B) | Can be closed if the judge fears openness will result in prejudicial publicity. |
| | C) | Can be closed if the judge fears openness will result in prejudicial publicity and there are no reasonable alternatives. |
| | D) | Can be closed if the judge fears openness will result in prejudicial publicity and the media won't agree to Bench-Bar-Press guidelines. |
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8 | |
According to the Press-Enterprise test, judges: |
| | A) | Need not consider alternatives to closure. |
| | B) | Must note they have considered alternatives to closure. |
| | C) | Must explain the alternatives to closure that they considered. |
| | D) | Can only close the court when other drastic measures failed. |
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9 | |
Judges may question jurors: |
| | A) | Privately in their chambers. |
| | B) | Only with attorneys present. |
| | C) | Privately, but only if complete transcripts are immediately made available to the press. |
| | D) | Privately, but only if the defendant waives his or her right to a public trial. |
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10 | |
Courts often legitimately seal: |
| | A) | Plea bargains. |
| | B) | Civil settlements. |
| | C) | Documents related to pretrial motions. |
| | D) | Presentencing reports. |
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11 | |
In Nixon v. Warner Communications (1978), the U.S. Supreme Court said reporters: |
| | A) | Have an absolute right to view evidence. |
| | B) | Have only a limited right to view evidence. |
| | C) | Have no right to view evidence. |
| | D) | Have a right to view evidence only if it is granted by the state constitution. |
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12 | |
Broadcasters who wish to tape trials or to broadcast them live: |
| | A) | Have a First Amendment right to do so. |
| | B) | Can be blocked if the defendant can demonstrate how the trial will be adversely affected by the presence of television cameras. |
| | C) | Are subject to state-by-state rules. |
| | D) | B and C are correct. |
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13 | |
When it comes to releasing the names and addresses of jurors: |
| | A) | The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals says a right to such information exists. |
| | B) | The 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals says no such right exists. |
| | C) | Some judges have refused to reveal juror names even after trials have ended. |
| | D) | Each of the above is correct. |
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14 | |
In In re Application of ABC (1982), which was related to John Hinckley's trial for shooting President Ronald Reagan, the court said that: |
| | A) | Journalists had a right to copy videotaped depositions. |
| | B) | Witnesses could decide whether their depositions would be made public. |
| | C) | Journalists have no right to materials not introduced into evidence. |
| | D) | The press only wanted Jodie Foster's deposition because she was famous, and that reasoning did not serve a substantial state interest. |
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15 | |
The rule for allowing broadcast and still cameras into federal courts is that: |
| | A) | Cameras are barred from trial courts. |
| | B) | Cameras are barred from the U.S. Supreme Court. |
| | C) | The judges in each federal circuit will decide whether to permit cameras in appellate courts of that circuit. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
| | E) | None of the above are correct. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education