Please answer all questions.

1		A buffer helps:
			A)	emulsify fats.
			B)	maintain a constant pH in a solution.
			C)	speed chemical reactions.
			D)	protect against plaque build-up in the arteries.
2		Which of the following is definitely not a protein?
			A)	antibody
			B)	enzyme
			C)	tendon
			D)	glycogen
3		Peptide bonds are formed:
			A)	by excluding water molecules.
			B)	by excluding hydrogen atoms.
			C)	by making emulsifiers.
			D)	when proteins are denatured.
4		Nonessential amino acids:
			A)	are not needed by the body.
			B)	are not needed in the diet.
			C)	are not needed daily, but weekly.
			D)	are found in only incomplete proteins.
5		The denaturing of protein:
			A)	destroys its amino acid order.
			B)	happens in the stomach.
			C)	increases its enzyme activity.
			D)	forms an emulsifier.
6		Vegetarians who eat no animal products or nutrient-fortified products should supplement their diets with:
			A)	vitamin C.
			B)	magnesium.
			C)	vitamin A.
			D)	vitamin B-12.
7		The RDA for protein of a 60-kilogram (132-pound) woman is:
			A)	36 grams.
			B)	42 grams.
			C)	48 grams.
			D)	54 grams.
8		Which is NOT true about kwashiorkor?
			A)	Protein needs are generally not met.
			B)	The child appears plump because of edema.
			C)	The child is at a high risk for infections.
			D)	The affected person is usually a very young infant.
9		In marasmus:
			A)	the child is often bottle-fed from birth.
			B)	protein needs are met.
			C)	muscle wasting is present, but it is hidden by edema.
			D)	preschool children, not infants, are typically affected.
10		Which of the following does NOT provide mixtures of amino acids that are well balanced for humans?
			A)	corn and refried beans
			B)	jello
			C)	eggs
			D)	macaroni and cheese
11		An adequate protein intake recommendation is __________ of total calorie intake.
			A)	5% to 10%.
			B)	10% to 15%.
			C)	15% to 20%.
			D)	20% to 25%.
12		Nutritional edema occurs when:
			A)	blood protein concentration is increased.
			B)	blood protein concentration is decreased.
			C)	the red cell number decreases.
			D)	there is a great change in blood hemoglobin concentration.
13		The food group that contributes relatively little protein is:
			A)	milk, etc.
			B)	bread, etc.
			C)	vegetable.
			D)	fruit.
14		The chemical element (atom) found in all proteins, but not usually in fats or carbohydrates, is:
			A)	carbon.
			B)	nitrogen.
			C)	hydrogen.
			D)	oxygen.
15		An essential (indispensable) amino acid:
			A)	forms a complete protein.
			B)	is needed only by growing infants and children.
			C)	may prevent dermatitis.
			D)	cannot by synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts to meet the body's needs.
16		During pregnancy, protein balance should be:
			A)	negative.
			B)	in equilibrium.
			C)	positive.
17		If a person takes in more protein than the body needs, the excess protein can be:
			A)	excreted in the urine.
			B)	converted to glucose.
			C)	used to provide energy for the body if needed.
			D)	B and C.
18		The RDA for protein is increased:
			A)	during mental stress.
			B)	after age 30.
			C)	during pregnancy and lactation.
			D)	whenever physical activity is increased.
19		One would expect to see a negative protein balance:
			A)	when certain hormones, such as thyroid hormone and cortisol, are released in excess amounts.
			B)	during pregnancy.
			C)	as one recovers from an illness.
			D)	in any healthy human being.
20		Urea is synthesized from amino groups mostly in which tissue?
			A)	blood
			B)	kidneys
			C)	liver
			D)	small intestine
21		At which stage of life must a diet contain the highest percentage of protein as essential amino acids?
			A)	older adults
			B)	pregnant women
			C)	infants
			D)	young adults
22		Proteins help regulate body pH by:
			A)	accepting and releasing free hydrogens.
			B)	accepting alkaline substances from the blood.
			C)	releasing acid-forming amino acids into the blood.
23		Insulin, and other medications that are protein in nature, cannot be administered orally because:
			A)	they will not be absorbed through the intestinal wall.
			B)	they will be digested and lose their biological activity.
			C)	they will activate the immune system.
			D)	they will diminish kidney function.
24		High-protein diets are discouraged in people with:
			A)	skin ulcers.
			B)	HIV.
			C)	diabetes.
			D)	kwashiorkor.
25		Over an extended period of time, if dietary intake does not meet the body's protein needs for building and repair of tissues:
			A)	skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the liver disease in size.
			B)	excessive body fluid begins to accumulate in the extracellular spaces.
			C)	the immune system fails to function properly.
			D)	all of the above.