Please answer all questions.
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1 | | A buffer helps: |
| | A) | emulsify fats. |
| | B) | maintain a constant pH in a solution. |
| | C) | speed chemical reactions. |
| | D) | protect against plaque build-up in the arteries. |
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2 | | Which of the following is definitely not a protein? |
| | A) | antibody |
| | B) | enzyme |
| | C) | tendon |
| | D) | glycogen |
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3 | | Peptide bonds are formed: |
| | A) | by excluding water molecules. |
| | B) | by excluding hydrogen atoms. |
| | C) | by making emulsifiers. |
| | D) | when proteins are denatured. |
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4 | | Nonessential amino acids: |
| | A) | are not needed by the body. |
| | B) | are not needed in the diet. |
| | C) | are not needed daily, but weekly. |
| | D) | are found in only incomplete proteins. |
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5 | | The denaturing of protein: |
| | A) | destroys its amino acid order. |
| | B) | happens in the stomach. |
| | C) | increases its enzyme activity. |
| | D) | forms an emulsifier. |
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6 | | Vegetarians who eat no animal products or nutrient-fortified products should supplement their diets with: |
| | A) | vitamin C. |
| | B) | magnesium. |
| | C) | vitamin A. |
| | D) | vitamin B-12. |
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7 | | The RDA for protein of a 60-kilogram (132-pound) woman is: |
| | A) | 36 grams. |
| | B) | 42 grams. |
| | C) | 48 grams. |
| | D) | 54 grams. |
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8 | | Which is NOT true about kwashiorkor? |
| | A) | Protein needs are generally not met. |
| | B) | The child appears plump because of edema. |
| | C) | The child is at a high risk for infections. |
| | D) | The affected person is usually a very young infant. |
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9 | | In marasmus: |
| | A) | the child is often bottle-fed from birth. |
| | B) | protein needs are met. |
| | C) | muscle wasting is present, but it is hidden by edema. |
| | D) | preschool children, not infants, are typically affected. |
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10 | | Which of the following does NOT provide mixtures of amino acids that are well balanced for humans? |
| | A) | corn and refried beans |
| | B) | jello |
| | C) | eggs |
| | D) | macaroni and cheese |
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11 | | An adequate protein intake recommendation is __________ of total calorie intake. |
| | A) | 5% to 10%. |
| | B) | 10% to 15%. |
| | C) | 15% to 20%. |
| | D) | 20% to 25%. |
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12 | | Nutritional edema occurs when: |
| | A) | blood protein concentration is increased. |
| | B) | blood protein concentration is decreased. |
| | C) | the red cell number decreases. |
| | D) | there is a great change in blood hemoglobin concentration. |
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13 | | The food group that contributes relatively little protein is: |
| | A) | milk, etc. |
| | B) | bread, etc. |
| | C) | vegetable. |
| | D) | fruit. |
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14 | | The chemical element (atom) found in all proteins, but not usually in fats or carbohydrates, is: |
| | A) | carbon. |
| | B) | nitrogen. |
| | C) | hydrogen. |
| | D) | oxygen. |
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15 | | An essential (indispensable) amino acid: |
| | A) | forms a complete protein. |
| | B) | is needed only by growing infants and children. |
| | C) | may prevent dermatitis. |
| | D) | cannot by synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts to meet the body's needs. |
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16 | | During pregnancy, protein balance should be: |
| | A) | negative. |
| | B) | in equilibrium. |
| | C) | positive. |
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17 | | If a person takes in more protein than the body needs, the excess protein can be: |
| | A) | excreted in the urine. |
| | B) | converted to glucose. |
| | C) | used to provide energy for the body if needed. |
| | D) | B and C. |
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18 | | The RDA for protein is increased: |
| | A) | during mental stress. |
| | B) | after age 30. |
| | C) | during pregnancy and lactation. |
| | D) | whenever physical activity is increased. |
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19 | | One would expect to see a negative protein balance: |
| | A) | when certain hormones, such as thyroid hormone and cortisol, are released in excess amounts. |
| | B) | during pregnancy. |
| | C) | as one recovers from an illness. |
| | D) | in any healthy human being. |
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20 | | Urea is synthesized from amino groups mostly in which tissue? |
| | A) | blood |
| | B) | kidneys |
| | C) | liver |
| | D) | small intestine |
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21 | | At which stage of life must a diet contain the highest percentage of protein as essential amino acids? |
| | A) | older adults |
| | B) | pregnant women |
| | C) | infants |
| | D) | young adults |
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22 | | Proteins help regulate body pH by: |
| | A) | accepting and releasing free hydrogens. |
| | B) | accepting alkaline substances from the blood. |
| | C) | releasing acid-forming amino acids into the blood. |
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23 | | Insulin, and other medications that are protein in nature, cannot be administered orally because: |
| | A) | they will not be absorbed through the intestinal wall. |
| | B) | they will be digested and lose their biological activity. |
| | C) | they will activate the immune system. |
| | D) | they will diminish kidney function. |
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24 | | High-protein diets are discouraged in people with: |
| | A) | skin ulcers. |
| | B) | HIV. |
| | C) | diabetes. |
| | D) | kwashiorkor. |
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25 | | Over an extended period of time, if dietary intake does not meet the body's protein needs for building and repair of tissues: |
| | A) | skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the liver disease in size. |
| | B) | excessive body fluid begins to accumulate in the extracellular spaces. |
| | C) | the immune system fails to function properly. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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