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| 1 | |
Plasma |
| | A) | contains about 50% water. |
| | B) | contains about 40% plasma proteins. |
| | C) | volume changes considerably from moment to moment. |
| | D) | is a colloidal solution. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 2 | |
The liquid portion of the blood with fibrinogen and some of the clotting proteins removed is |
| | A) | plasma. |
| | B) | platelets. |
| | C) | plasma proteins. |
| | D) | formed elements. |
| | E) | serum. |
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| 3 | |
Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen are examples of |
| | A) | formed elements. |
| | B) | platelets. |
| | C) | plasma proteins. |
| | D) | granulocytes. |
| | E) | agranulocytes. |
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| 4 | |
Which of these leukocytes is an agranulocyte? |
| | A) | basophil |
| | B) | eosinophil |
| | C) | neutrophil |
| | D) | lymphocyte |
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| 5 | |
Cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed elements of the blood are called |
| | A) | fibrinogens. |
| | B) | globulins. |
| | C) | megakaryoblasts. |
| | D) | proerythroblasts. |
| | E) | stem cells. |
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| 6 | |
Which of these areas does NOT contain red marrow in the adult? |
| | A) | sternum |
| | B) | ribs |
| | C) | pelvis |
| | D) | distal femur |
| | E) | vertebrae |
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| 7 | |
The process of erythropoiesis |
| | A) | takes place in the spleen. |
| | B) | requires vitamin B12 and folate. |
| | C) | is inhibited by erythropoietin. |
| | D) | is stimulated when oxygen decreases in the blood. |
| | E) | both b and d |
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| 8 | |
Which of these is not found in erythrocytes? |
| | A) | lipids |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | hemoglobin |
| | D) | ribosomes |
| | E) | carbonic anhydrase |
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| 9 | |
Erythrocytes |
| | A) | are biconcave disks. |
| | B) | transport less than half of the oxygen in the blood. |
| | C) | transport most of the carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| | D) | can rupture and release hemoglobin in a process called erythropoiesis. |
| | E) | are the least numerous formed elements. |
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| 10 | |
In the process of hemopoiesis, myeloblasts give rise to |
| | A) | erythrocytes. |
| | B) | basophils. |
| | C) | lymphocytes. |
| | D) | monocytes. |
| | E) | platelets. |
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| 11 | |
In the following reaction, what does "A" represent?
CO2 + H2O ?-? H2CO3 ?-? H+ + "A" |
| | A) | bicarbonate ion |
| | B) | carbonic acid |
| | C) | hydrogen ion |
| | D) | hemoglobin |
| | E) | carbaminohemoglobin |
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| 12 | |
Each hemoglobin molecule has __________ heme group(s) and __________ globin molecule(s). |
| | A) | 1,2 |
| | B) | 1,4 |
| | C) | 2,4 |
| | D) | 4,2 |
| | E) | 4,4 |
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| 13 | |
The form of hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide attached is called |
| | A) | oxyhemoglobin. |
| | B) | deoxyhemoglobin. |
| | C) | carboxyhemoglobin. |
| | D) | carbaminohemoglobin. |
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| 14 | |
In addition to transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide, hemoglobin also transports |
| | A) | lactic acid. |
| | B) | vitamin C. |
| | C) | nitric oxide. |
| | D) | zinc. |
| | E) | lymphocytes. |
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| 15 | |
Which of these conditions occur in a normal individual living at a high altitude? |
| | A) | anemia |
| | B) | hemophilia |
| | C) | leukemia |
| | D) | secondary polycythemia |
| | E) | thrombocytopenia |
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| 16 | |
Pernicious anemia is an example of |
| | A) | hypochromic anemia. |
| | B) | nutritional anemia. |
| | C) | hemorrhagic anemia. |
| | D) | hemolytic anemia. |
| | E) | polycythemia. |
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| 17 | |
Which of these conditions is NOT correctly matched? |
| | A) | aplastic anemia - radiation |
| | B) | hemolytic anemia - HDN |
| | C) | hemorrhagic anemia - large blood loss |
| | D) | thrombocytopenia - greatly increased platelets |
| | E) | septicemia - infection in the blood |
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| 18 | |
Which of these components of hemoglobin is correctly matched with its fate following the destruction of an erythrocyte? |
| | A) | heme -- reused to form new hemoglobin molecules |
| | B) | globin -- broken down into amino acids |
| | C) | iron -- mostly secreted in bile |
| | D) | bilirubin -- stored in liver and spleen |
| | E) | all of these are correctly matched |
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| 19 | |
Arrange the following five events in the order they occur as erythrocytes are broken down:
1. bilirubin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
2. bilirubin is excreted in bile
3. biliverdin is produced
4. free bilirubin is produced
5. hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules
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| | A) | 1,2,3,4,5 |
| | B) | 2,3,1,4,5 |
| | C) | 3,5,1,4,2 |
| | D) | 4,5,1,2,4 |
| | E) | 5,3,4,1,2 |
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| 20 | |
Old, damaged, or defective erythrocytes are removed from the blood by |
| | A) | eosinophils. |
| | B) | lymphocytes. |
| | C) | macrophages. |
| | D) | monocytes. |
| | E) | neutrophils. |
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| 21 | |
Jaundice is a buildup of __________ in the circulation and interstitial spaces. |
| | A) | lymphocytes |
| | B) | nitric oxide |
| | C) | biliverdin |
| | D) | bilirubin |
| | E) | histamine |
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| 22 | |
Arrange the following formed elements in the correct order from most numerous to least numerous in normal blood:
1. erythrocytes
2. leukocytes
3. thrombocytes
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| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,1,3 |
| | D) | 2,3,1 |
| | E) | 3,1,2 |
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| 23 | |
__________ are phagocytic, have a trilobed nucleus, and make up the largest percentage of leukocytes. |
| | A) | Basophils |
| | B) | Eosinophils |
| | C) | Lymphocytes |
| | D) | Monocytes |
| | E) | Neutrophils |
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| 24 | |
These leukocytes produce enzymes that reduce the inflammatory response and are associated with allergies or parasitic infections. |
| | A) | basophils |
| | B) | eosinophils |
| | C) | lymphocytes |
| | D) | monocytes |
| | E) | neutrophils |
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| 25 | |
These leukocytes produce heparin and histamine; they play a role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. |
| | A) | basophils |
| | B) | eosinophils |
| | C) | lymphocytes |
| | D) | monocytes |
| | E) | neutrophils |
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| 26 | |
__________ are the smallest leukocytes; some produce antibodies. |
| | A) | Basophils |
| | B) | Eosinophils |
| | C) | Lymphocytes |
| | D) | Monocytes |
| | E) | Neutrophils |
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| 27 | |
Which leukocyte's main function is phagocytosis? |
| | A) | basophils |
| | B) | lymphocytes |
| | C) | mast cells |
| | D) | neutrophils |
| | E) | eosinophils |
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| 28 | |
Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur during platelet plug formation:
1. platelet adhesion
2. platelet aggregation
3. platelet release reaction
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| | A) | 1,2,3 |
| | B) | 1,3,2 |
| | C) | 2,1,3 |
| | D) | 2,3,1 |
| | E) | 3,1,2 |
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| 29 | |
Which of these statements is NOT true regarding coagulation? |
| | A) | Prothrombinase catalyzes the breakdown of prothrombin to thrombin. |
| | B) | Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. |
| | C) | Antithrombin inactivates thrombin. |
| | D) | Heparin causes fibrinolysis. |
| | E) | Prostacyclin and heparin are anticoagulants. |
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| 30 | |
Given these chemicals:
1. fibrin
2. fibrinogen
3. prothrombinase
4. thrombin
5. tissue factor
Choose the arrangement that lists the chemicals in the order they are active during clot formation. |
| | A) | 1,3,4,2,5 |
| | B) | 2,3,4,5,1 |
| | C) | 3,5,1,4,2 |
| | D) | 4,3,2,5,1 |
| | E) | 5,3,4,2,1 |
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| 31 | |
Which of these statements concerning clotting is (are) correct? |
| | A) | Both extrinsic and intrinsic clotting pathways form prothrombinase. |
| | B) | Clots are composed mostly of thrombin. |
| | C) | Clotting requires vitamin K and iron. |
| | D) | The extrinsic pathway is stimulated by contact with a damaged blood vessel. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 32 | |
Which chemical is involved in the breakdown of a clot (fibrinolysis)? |
| | A) | fibrinogen |
| | B) | antithrombin |
| | C) | heparin |
| | D) | plasmin |
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| 33 | |
For someone having a coronary thrombosis (blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot), which of these chemicals is the most effective to inject? |
| | A) | histamine |
| | B) | thrombin |
| | C) | thromboxane |
| | D) | t-PA |
| | E) | prostaglandins |
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| 34 | |
Which of these statements about the ABO blood group is NOT true? |
| | A) | A person with type O blood can donate blood to individuals with type A, B, AB, or O blood types. |
| | B) | Transfusions should be made considering the plasma of the donor and the erythrocytes of the patient (recipient). |
| | C) | A person with type A blood should not receive a transfusion from someone with type AB blood. |
| | D) | A person with type O blood has both the A and B antigens. |
| | E) | Type AB blood should be given only to other persons with AB blood. |
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| 35 | |
For the ABO blood group, the antigens are found __________ , and the antibodies are found ___________ . |
| | A) | on the erythrocytes, on the leukocytes |
| | B) | on the erythrocytes, in the plasma |
| | C) | on the leukocytes, in the plasma |
| | D) | in the plasma, on the erythrocytes |
| | E) | in the plasma, on the leukocytes |
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| 36 | |
Which of these statements is true? |
| | A) | A-negative blood can probably be safely donated to a person with A-positive blood. |
| | B) | Antibodies against the Rh antigen do not develop unless an Rh-positive person is exposed to Rh-negative blood. |
| | C) | The largest percentage of people in the U.S. are Rh-negative. |
| | D) | Rh-negative individuals can often receive many transfusions of Rh-positive blood before they have a transfusion reaction. |
| | E) | Rh-negative mothers cannot have an Rh-positive baby. |
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| 37 | |
Which of these statements about Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is (are) true? |
| | A) | Before birth, bilirubin produced by ruptured erythrocytes is removed through the placenta. |
| | B) | This condition usually occurs with the second Rh-positive pregnancy of the Rh-negative mother. |
| | C) | After birth, this condition may continue because maternal antibodies are still present in the baby's system. |
| | D) | Jaundice may occur if bilirubin accumulates in tissues. |
| | E) | all of these statements are correct |
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| 38 | |
Hematocrit is a measure of |
| | A) | the amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood. |
| | B) | the percentage of total blood volume composed of erythrocytes. |
| | C) | the percentage of total blood volume composed of leukocytes. |
| | D) | the percentage of total blood volume composed of thrombocytes. |
| | E) | the percentage of erythrocytes divided by the percentage of leukocytes. |
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| 39 | |
Which of these conditions often causes leukocytosis? |
| | A) | leukopenia |
| | B) | thrombocytopenia |
| | C) | leukemia |
| | D) | erythropoiesis |
| | E) | anemia |
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| 40 | |
The neutrophil count is often greatly increased in a patient with |
| | A) | anemia. |
| | B) | thrombocytopenia. |
| | C) | a bacterial infection. |
| | D) | leukopenia. |
| | E) | low blood glucose. |
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