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| 1 | |
The clinical age of the unborn child is about |
| | A) | 1 day more than postovulatory age. |
| | B) | 7 days more than the postovulatory age. |
| | C) | 14 days more than the postovulatory age. |
| | D) | 21 days more than the postovulatory age. |
| | E) | 28 days more than the postovulatory age. |
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| 2 | |
Given these stages of development:
1. blastocyst
2. embryo
3. fetus
4. morula
5. zygote
Arrange the stages in the order that they occur during development. |
| | A) | 1,3,2,4,5 |
| | B) | 2,5,1,4,3 |
| | C) | 3,4,1,5,2 |
| | D) | 4,3,5,1,2 |
| | E) | 5,4,1,2,3 |
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| 3 | |
Implantation in the endometrium of the uterus occurs about __________ days after fertilization. |
| | A) | 7 |
| | B) | 14 |
| | C) | 28 |
| | D) | 35 |
| | E) | 56 |
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| 4 | |
In the blastocyst, the cells that develop into the embryo are the |
| | A) | blastocele cells. |
| | B) | chorionic villi cells. |
| | C) | cytotrophoblast cells. |
| | D) | inner cell mass. |
| | E) | syncytiotrophoblast cells. |
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| 5 | |
The cells from the embryo that invade the endometrium of the uterus and form lacunae are called |
| | A) | blastocele cells. |
| | B) | chorionic villi cells. |
| | C) | cytotrophoblast cells. |
| | D) | inner cell mass. |
| | E) | syncytiotrophoblast cells. |
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| 6 | |
During formation of the embryonic disk, ectoderm is adjacent to the __________ , and endoderm is adjacent to the __________ . |
| | A) | amniotic cavity, blastocele |
| | B) | amniotic cavity, yolk sac |
| | C) | blastocele, amniotic cavity |
| | D) | yolk sac, amniotic cavity |
| | E) | yolk sac, blastocele |
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| 7 | |
Given these embryonic developments:
1. neural crest cells break away
2. neural folds form
3. neural plate forms
4. neural tube forms
List the events in the order in which they occur in the developing embryo. |
| | A) | 1,2,3,4 |
| | B) | 2,3,4,1 |
| | C) | 3,2,1,4 |
| | D) | 3,2,4,1 |
| | E) | 4,1,2,3 |
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| 8 | |
Neuroectoderm cells become the |
| | A) | brain and spinal cord. |
| | B) | peripheral nervous system. |
| | C) | adrenal medulla. |
| | D) | melanocytes of the skin. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 9 | |
Somites and somitomeres give rise to all of these structures EXCEPT |
| | A) | skeletal muscle. |
| | B) | part of the skull. |
| | C) | the heart. |
| | D) | the vertebral column. |
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| 10 | |
The pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities all develop from the |
| | A) | branchial arches. |
| | B) | celom. |
| | C) | pharyngeal pouches. |
| | D) | limb buds. |
| | E) | neural tube. |
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| 11 | |
All of these structures develop as evaginations (outpocketings) from the early digestive tract EXCEPT the |
| | A) | kidneys. |
| | B) | liver. |
| | C) | lungs. |
| | D) | pancreas. |
| | E) | urinary bladder. |
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| 12 | |
During development, the period of organogenesis is between |
| | A) | days 7 and 14. |
| | B) | days 14 and 60. |
| | C) | days 56 and 90. |
| | D) | days 56 and 112. |
| | E) | days 84 and 140. |
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| 13 | |
The bones of the face develop from __________ cells, whereas the rest of the skeleton develops from __________ cells. |
| | A) | endoderm, ectoderm |
| | B) | ectoderm, endoderm |
| | C) | mesoderm, ectoderm |
| | D) | neural crest, endoderm |
| | E) | neural crest, mesoderm |
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| 14 | |
The central cavity of the neural tube becomes the |
| | A) | celom. |
| | B) | central canal of the spinal cord. |
| | C) | digestive tract. |
| | D) | ventricles of the brain. |
| | E) | both b and d |
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| 15 | |
The epidermis of the skin develops from __________ , whereas the dermis of the skin develops from __________ . |
| | A) | ectoderm, endoderm |
| | B) | ectoderm, mesoderm |
| | C) | endoderm, mesoderm |
| | D) | endoderm, ectoderm |
| | E) | mesoderm, endoderm |
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| 16 | |
The heart begins to beat approximately __________ days after fertilization. |
| | A) | 6-10 |
| | B) | 21-25 |
| | C) | 36-40 |
| | D) | 46-50 |
| | E) | 56-60 |
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| 17 | |
The only organ system formed from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) is the |
| | A) | cardiovascular system. |
| | B) | digestive system. |
| | C) | endocrine system. |
| | D) | muscular system. |
| | E) | nervous system. |
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| 18 | |
During development of the heart, |
| | A) | the right part of the sinus venosus becomes part of the ventricle. |
| | B) | the bulbis cordis is absorbed into the atrium. |
| | C) | blood vessels form from blood islands on the surface of the yolk sac. |
| | D) | the foramen ovale forms in the interventricular septum. |
| | E) | the right and left sides of the heart develop from different segments of the heart tube. |
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| 19 | |
During development of the urinary system, the cloaca becomes divided to form the |
| | A) | kidneys and urinary bladder. |
| | B) | kidneys and ureters. |
| | C) | rectum and urethra. |
| | D) | ureters and urethra. |
| | E) | urethra and allantois. |
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| 20 | |
In the female, the mesonephric duct system |
| | A) | becomes the adult kidney. |
| | B) | becomes the uterus and uterine tubes. |
| | C) | becomes the ureters. |
| | D) | becomes the allantois. |
| | E) | disappears. |
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| 21 | |
Which of these structures is the adult kidney? |
| | A) | mesonephros |
| | B) | metanephros |
| | C) | pronephros |
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| 22 | |
In males the descent of the testes into the scrotum is complete about __________ months after conception. |
| | A) | 3 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 7 |
| | E) | 8 |
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| 23 | |
In males, the mesonephric duct system |
| | A) | forms the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland. |
| | B) | forms the scrotum. |
| | C) | forms the ureters. |
| | D) | forms the urinary bladder. |
| | E) | disappears. |
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| 24 | |
During development of the female reproductive system, the urogenital folds become the __________ , whereas the labioscrotal swellings become the __________. |
| | A) | clitoris, labia majora |
| | B) | labia majora, clitoris |
| | C) | labia majora, labia minora |
| | D) | labia minora, labia majora |
| | E) | labia minora, clitoris |
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| 25 | |
The embryo becomes a fetus approximately __________ days after fertilization. |
| | A) | 30 |
| | B) | 60 |
| | C) | 90 |
| | D) | 120 |
| | E) | 150 |
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| 26 | |
The postovulatory age of the fetus at parturition is approximately |
| | A) | 32 weeks. |
| | B) | 34 weeks. |
| | C) | 36 weeks. |
| | D) | 38 weeks. |
| | E) | 40 weeks. |
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| 27 | |
During the third stage of labor, |
| | A) | the baby is born. |
| | B) | maximal cervical dilation occurs. |
| | C) | the beginning of cervical dilation occurs. |
| | D) | the regular onset of contractions occurs. |
| | E) | the placenta is delivered. |
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| 28 | |
The onset of labor is stimulated by |
| | A) | increased estrogen secretion by the placenta. |
| | B) | decreased progesterone secretion by the placenta. |
| | C) | increased prostaglandin synthesis by the placenta. |
| | D) | increased glucocorticoid secretion by the fetus. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 29 | |
During parturition, a positive-feedback mechanism occurs when __________ stimulates the secretion of __________ , which results in uterine contractions. |
| | A) | progesterone, estrogen |
| | B) | estrogen, progesterone |
| | C) | estrogen, oxytocin |
| | D) | oxytocin, estrogen |
| | E) | uterine stretch, oxytocin |
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| 30 | |
The short artery that connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus, and which closes shortly after birth, is the |
| | A) | ductus venosus. |
| | B) | umbilical vein. |
| | C) | umbilical artery. |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus. |
| | E) | foramen ovale. |
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| 31 | |
All of these circulatory changes occur after birth EXCEPT |
| | A) | the foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis. |
| | B) | the ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. |
| | C) | the umbilical vein becomes the falciform ligament of the liver. |
| | D) | the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum. |
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| 32 | |
__________ stimulates milk production, but __________ stimulates milk letdown. |
| | A) | Progesterone, estrogen |
| | B) | HCG, oxytocin |
| | C) | Prolactin, oxytocin |
| | D) | Prolactin, estrogen |
| | E) | Prolactin, progesterone |
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| 33 | |
After parturition, the decrease in __________ allows milk production to occur. |
| | A) | HCG |
| | B) | oxytocin |
| | C) | FSH and LH |
| | D) | estrogen and progesterone |
| | E) | GnRH |
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| 34 | |
Which of these tissues continues to divide throughout an individual's lifetime? |
| | A) | nervous tissue |
| | B) | skeletal muscle |
| | C) | cardiac muscle |
| | D) | epithelium |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 35 | |
Which of these processes are involved in aging? |
| | A) | free radicals |
| | B) | immune system changes |
| | C) | decline in mitochondrial DNA function |
| | D) | cross-linking of collagen fibers |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 36 | |
In a normal karyotype, there is (are) __________ pair(s) of autosomal chromosomes, and __________ pair(s) of sex chromosomes. |
| | A) | 23, 23 |
| | B) | 23, 1 |
| | C) | 22, 1 |
| | D) | 21, 2 |
| | E) | 1, 1 |
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| 37 | |
An individual with XXXXXY sex chromosomes develops anatomically as a |
| | A) | female. |
| | B) | male. |
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| 38 | |
The gene expression that occurs when two alleles combine to produce an effect without either of them being dominant or recessive is called |
| | A) | sex-linked. |
| | B) | incomplete dominance. |
| | C) | polygenic traits. |
| | D) | codominance. |
| | E) | genetic predisposition. |
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| 39 | |
If the gene "A" is normal, and "a" is a gene for albinism, predict the likelihood that a couple, both with genotypes "Aa", will have an albino child. |
| | A) | 0 (not possible) |
| | B) | 1/4 |
| | C) | 1/2 |
| | D) | 3/4 |
| | E) | 4/4 (all will be albino) |
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| 40 | |
If a man with hemophilia and a woman who is normal (has no genes for hemophilia) have a son, what is the probability that the son will have hemophilia? |
| | A) | 4/4 (all sons have hemophilia) |
| | B) | 3/4 |
| | C) | 1/2 |
| | D) | 1/4 |
| | E) | 0 (sons cannot have hemophilia) |
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