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What would be the result if the sternal synchondroses and the sternocostal synchondrosis of the first rib were to become synostoses? |
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Using an articulated skeleton, examine the following list of joints. Describe the type of joint and the movement(s) possible.
- the joint between the zygomatic bone and the maxilla
- the ligamentous connection between the coccyx and the sacrum
- the elbow joint
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For each of the following muscles, describe the motion(s) produced when the muscle contracts. It may be helpful to use an articulated skeleton.
- The biceps brachii muscle attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula (one head) and the radial tuberosity of the radius. Name two movements that the muscle accomplishes in the forearm.
- The rectus femoris muscle attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine and the tibial tuberosity. How does contraction move the thigh? The leg?
- The supraspinatus muscle is located in and attached to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula. Its tendon runs over the head of the humerus to the greater tubercle. When it contracts, what movement occurs at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
- The gastrocnemius muscle attaches to the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and to the calcaneus. What movement of the leg results when this muscle contracts? Of the foot?
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Crash McBang hurt his knee in an auto accident by ramming it into the dashboard. The doctor tested the knee for ligament damage by having Crash sit on the edge of a table with his knee flexed at a 90-degree angle. The doctor attempted to pull the tibia in an anterior direction (the anterior drawer test) and then tried to push the tibia in a posterior direction (the posterior drawer test). No unusual movement of the tibia occurred in the anterior drawer test but did occur during the posterior drawer test. Explain the purpose of each test, and tell Crash which ligament he has damaged. |
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