In this fourth edition of Explorations, I have updated the areas in which substantial
changes in our knowledge have occurred, where different ideas are emerging, or where
users have requested fuller coverage of a topic.
New Topics
Discussion of newly found mid-size objects in the outer Solar System (chapter 10)
Updated and Revised Topics
Extended discussion of the times when the Moon is visible and the Moon’s phases
(chapter 1)
Updates regarding evidence that lake- or ocean-sized bodies of water once existed
on Mars (chapter 8)
Further information on the importance of interactions and mergers in the origin
and evolution of galaxies (chapter 16)
Expanded discussion of the formation of structure in the early Universe (chapter
16)
Strong evidence from the cosmic microwave background radiation that our Universe
is flat and will expand forever (chapter 17)
Evidence for dark energy (chapter 17)
Evidence for the supermassive black hole at the core of the Milky Way (chapter 15)
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