 |
| 1 | |
The proteins that control the reactions of metabolism are |
| | A) | amino acids |
| | B) | catalysts |
| | C) | enzymes |
| | D) | substrates |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
The process that provides the biochemicals required for cell growth and repair is |
| | A) | anabolism |
| | B) | catabolism |
| | C) | metabolism |
| | D) | synthesis |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
A by-product of dehydration synthesis is |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | water |
| | D) | amino acids |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Enzymes are needed to promote metabolic reactions in the body because |
| | A) | there is inadequate oxygen to promote the chemical reactions |
| | B) | the temperature in cells is not high enough to promote the increase in chemical reaction rates |
| | C) | both of the above |
| | D) | neither of the above |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Very small quantities of enzymes are needed because |
| | A) | they are very large protein molecules |
| | B) | a phospholipid layer provides insulation |
| | C) | very rapid production of enzymes is possible when they are needed |
| | D) | they are not consumed in the metabolic reaction they facilitate |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Enzymes can be denatured (destroyed) by |
| | A) | heat and radiation |
| | B) | chemicals and extremes of pH |
| | C) | electricity |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
The form of energy most often used by the body's metabolic processes is |
| | A) | chemical |
| | B) | light |
| | C) | mechanical |
| | D) | electrical |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The first stage of cellular respiration is ___________ and occurs in the __________________ . |
| | A) | aerobic, cytosol |
| | B) | anaerobic, Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | aerobic, cell membrane |
| | D) | anaerobic, cytosol |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The second phase of cellular respiration is __________ and occurs in the ____________. |
| | A) | aerobic, mitochondria |
| | B) | aerobic, cytosol |
| | C) | anaerobic, Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | anaerobic, cell membrane |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
The final products of glucose oxidation are all of the following except |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | energy |
| | D) | oxygen |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
The average human diet should consist largely of |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | saturated fats |
| | D) | unsaturated fats |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The initial phase of the metabolic pathway of carbohydrates produces |
| | A) | 2 pyruvic acid molecules |
| | B) | 36 citric acid molecules |
| | C) | acetyl coenzyme A |
| | D) | 4 fumaric acid molecules |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
The most important product of the citric acid cycle is |
| | A) | hydrogen |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | glycogen |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The rate of an enzyme-controlled pathway is determined by a |
| | A) | chemical on-off switch |
| | B) | regulatory enzyme |
| | C) | rate-setting hormone |
| | D) | substrate-lysing substance |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
We inherit traits from both our parents because |
| | A) | DNA contains genes that are the carriers of inheritance |
| | B) | the sex cells from each parent join at conception to bring together genetic information unique for the new individual |
| | C) | messenger RNA carries the genetic code |
| | D) | our species, Homo sapiens, reproduces sexually |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
The "backbone" of DNA is composed of alternating |
| | A) | strands of thymine and cytosine |
| | B) | phosphate and sugar molecule |
| | C) | amino acids |
| | D) | alternating organic bases and nucleotides |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Which of the following base pairs of DNA is correct? |
| | A) | thymine and cytosine |
| | B) | guanine and adenine |
| | C) | guanine and thymine |
| | D) | adenine and thymine |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Genetic information must tell cells |
| | A) | what elements to combine in synthesizing protein |
| | B) | the kinds of bonds between elements that must be formed |
| | C) | how to position amino acids correctly in polypeptide chains |
| | D) | the position of phosphate and sugar molecules in the DNA "backbone" |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
DNA molecules are replicated during what phase of the cell cycle? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | anaphase |
| | C) | interphase |
| | D) | metaphase |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
DNA of the parent cell must be replicated accurately so that the new cell can |
| | A) | maintain life functions |
| | B) | build cell parts |
| | C) | metabolize nutrients |
| | D) | all of the above |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
The occurrence of mutations may be |
| | A) | spontaneous |
| | B) | a result of exposure to ionizing radiation and toxic chemicals |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules in all of the following ways except |
| | A) | RNA molecules are single rather than double stranded |
| | B) | RNA molecules are found in both the nucleus and in cytoplasm |
| | C) | there are three forms of RNA |
| | D) | RNA molecules contain thymine and uracil |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
Which of the following statements about RNA is (are) true? |
| | A) | RNA polymerase moves along a DNA molecule and separates the DNA strand exposing the nucleotides. |
| | B) | A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the amino acid to be formed is a codon. |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
The function of DNA is to |
| | A) | direct the activities of the cell |
| | B) | direct the synthesis of protein by the cell |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Transcription occurs in the |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | cytoplasm |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | golgi apparatus |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Enzymes are specialized proteins that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
A protein is a chain of less than 50 amino acids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Hydrolysis occurs during digestion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
Enzymes recognize the specific shape of the substrate with which they react. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Energy can be mechanical, chemical, and thermal. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
The major difference between burning substances outside cells and oxidation of substances inside cells is in the amount of heat produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
The function of ATP is to store energy in its terminal phosphate bond. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
The end product of carbohydrate digestion is glycogen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
The primary use of carbohydrates is as energy sources. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
Production of the high-energy terminal phosphate bond of ATP depends on oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
The specific codon that "starts" translation is AUG. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
Replication involves an enzyme called RNA polymerase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
.