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11.1 Populations and Species

  1. How do the concepts of species and genetically distinct populations differ?

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  1. Describe the biological species concept.

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11.2 The Species Problem

  1. List four techniques used to distinguish one species from another.

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  1. Explain why the phrase ‘reproductively isolated’ and the word ‘species’ are related.

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11.3 The Gene Pool Concept

  1. Give an example of a gene pool containing a number of separate populations.

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  1. Why can there be greater genetic diversity within a gene pool than in an individual organism?

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11.4 Describing Genetic Diversity

  1. What is meant by the terms gene frequency and allele frequency?

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  1. Give an example of a human characteristic that has a high frequency in the Europe and a low frequency in Africa.

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11.5 Why Genetically Distinct Populations Exist

  1. List four processes that can lead to local genetically distinct populations.

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  1. In what way are the founder effect and a genetic bottleneck similar in their affect on the genetic diversity of a local population?

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11.6 How Genetic Diversity Comes About

  1. Why does the size of a population affect the gene pool?

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  1. List three factors that change allele frequencies in a population.

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11.7 Genetic Variety in Domesticated Plants and Animals

  1. How do the genetic combinations in clones and sexually reproducing populations differ?

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  1. How is a clone developed? What are its benefits and drawbacks?

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  1. How is an intraspecific hybrid formed? What are its benefits and drawbacks?

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  1. Why is genetic diversity in domesticated plants and animals reduced?

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Food for Thought

11.8 Human Population Genetics

  1. Give an example of a human population with a high frequency of a deleterious allele.

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11.9 Ethics and Human Genetics

  1. What forces maintain racial differences in the human gene pool?

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  1. What were eugenics laws? List two facts about human genetics they failed to consider.

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