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1 | |
The difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph is that a heterotroph |
| | A) | Utilizes cellular respiration, whereas an autotroph does not. |
| | B) | Produces its own food molecules, which it then breaks down for usable energy. |
| | C) | Gets energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules produced by other organisms. |
| | D) | All of the above are possible, though not necessarily possible in the same organism. |
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2 | |
To transfer the right amount of chemical-bond energy from energy-releasing to energy-requiring reactions, cells use the molecule(s) |
| | A) | ATP. |
| | B) | AAA. |
| | C) | C6H12O6 |
| | D) | CO2, H2, O2 |
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3 | |
An ATP molecule is composed of |
| | A) | 1 adenine, 3 riboses, 1 phosphate. |
| | B) | 3 adenines, 1 ribose, 1 phosphate. |
| | C) | 1 adenine 1 ribose, 3 phosphates. |
| | D) | 3 adenines, 3 riboses, 3 phosphates. |
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4 | |
In aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is |
| | A) | Water. |
| | B) | Oxygen. |
| | C) | Hydrogen. |
| | D) | ATP. |
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5 | |
In the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose, the glucose molecule is |
| | A) | Oxidized only. |
| | B) | Reduced only. |
| | C) | Both oxidized and reduced. |
| | D) | Neither oxidized nor reduced. |
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6 | |
NAD+ and FADH are called |
| | A) | Oxidation molecules. |
| | B) | Reduction molecules. |
| | C) | Phosphorylation molecules. |
| | D) | Carrier molecules. |
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7 | |
In chemiosmosis, the energy comes from |
| | A) | Electrons that are rich in kinetic energy. |
| | B) | Electrons that are rich in potential energy. |
| | C) | ATP. |
| | D) | Various cytochromes. |
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8 | |
The complete breakdown of one molecule of pyruvic acid is called |
| | A) | Glycolysis. |
| | B) | The Krebs cycle. |
| | C) | The electron-transport system. |
| | D) | The glycolytic oxidation-reduction system. |
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9 | |
Anaerobic cellular respiration pathways that utilize glucose |
| | A) | Are called fermentation pathways. |
| | B) | Release less ATP and heat than aerobic pathways. |
| | C) | Do not require oxygen. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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10 | |
When a triglyceride undergoes catabolic oxidation, |
| | A) | The glycerol is converted to PGAL and the fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon segments. |
| | B) | The fatty acids are converted to PGAL and the glycerol is broken down into two-carbon segments. |
| | C) | Two-carbon segments are joined to form a fatty acid, which is then attached to a glycerol molecule. |
| | D) | Two-carbon segments are joined to form a fatty acid, which is then attached to a PGAL molecule. |
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11 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about proteins? |
| | A) | When proteins are eaten, component amino acids become available for the construction of new proteins. |
| | B) | When proteins are interconverted, an amino group is often removed and converted into ammonia. |
| | C) | Amino acids can be converted to fat for long term storage. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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12 | |
The ATP produced in the first stage of photosynthesis is used for |
| | A) | The production of new chloroplasts. |
| | B) | The basic energy requirements of the plant. |
| | C) | The carbon dioxide conversion stage of photosynthesis. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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13 | |
The end product of photosynthesis, PGAL, can be |
| | A) | Used to produce hexoses, such as glucose. |
| | B) | Converted into lipids, such as oils, for storage. |
| | C) | Used as a building block for the nucleotides. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements is/are true? |
| | A) | Because photosynthesis gives off oxygen as a waste product, plants do not require oxygen. |
| | B) | Plants do not undergo cellular respiration because their energy requirements are met during the first stage of photosynthesis. |
| | C) | The various photosynthetic pigments allow for the harvesting of light coming into the plant at different wavelengths. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements is/are true? |
| | A) | Plants use the end products of both plant and animal respiration to produce foods. |
| | B) | Plants and animals use the end products of plant photosynthesis as sources of energy. |
| | C) | NAD+ is the electron receptor in respiration; NADP+ is the electron receptor in photosynthesis. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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16 | |
An autotroph is an organism that |
| | A) | does not require food. |
| | B) | does not respire. |
| | C) | is able to "fix" carbon into an organic compound such as sugar. |
| | D) | is a self starter. |
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17 | |
Although ATP has three phosphate groups it has: |
| | A) | only one bond. |
| | B) | two high-energy bonds. |
| | C) | enough places for four phosphates. |
| | D) | the ability to hold an unlimited amount of energy. |
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18 | |
The hydrogen which eventually becomes a part of sugar manufactured in photosynthesis is acquired from: |
| | A) | water. |
| | B) | active transport. |
| | C) | sunlight. |
| | D) | rearrangement of carbon dioxide molecules. |
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19 | |
Light energy conversion provides the energy for the second phase of photosynthesis when: |
| | A) | light is released as sound. |
| | B) | water is cleaved into hydrogen and oxygen. |
| | C) | sugar is used as the substrate. |
| | D) | chemical bonds in ATP are formed. |
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20 | |
The oxygen used for aerobic cellular respiration in plants comes from the process of |
| | A) | photosynthesis. |
| | B) | respiration. |
| | C) | protein synthesis. |
| | D) | chemical activity in mitochondria. |
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21 | |
Fermenting yeast cells are able to release: |
| | A) | as much energy from a sugar as humans. |
| | B) | only two ATP (net) per glucose. |
| | C) | carbon dioxide rather than oxygen. |
| | D) | energy in the form of sugar substitutes. |
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22 | |
When fats are respired two-carbon fragments from the fatty acids enter the: |
| | A) | glycolysis pathway. |
| | B) | photosynthetic pathway. |
| | C) | Krebs cycle. |
| | D) | electron transfer system. |
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23 | |
Which of the following is the correct generalized chemical equation for photosynthesis? |
| | A) | Energy + C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O |
| | B) | Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| | C) | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
| | D) | 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Energy |
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24 | |
Plants can use PGAL to |
| | A) | make sugar molecules and lipids. |
| | B) | make the carbon skeleton for amino acids. |
| | C) | obtain energy. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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25 | |
From one glucose, the entire aerobic cellular respiration pathway will net ______ molecules of ATP. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 36 |
| | D) | 38 |
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26 | |
Which of these molecules is least like the others in terms of function? |
| | A) | FAD |
| | B) | PGAL |
| | C) | NADP |
| | D) | NAD+ |
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27 | |
Cellular respiration occurs in |
| | A) | autotrophs only. |
| | B) | heterotrophs only. |
| | C) | autotrophs and heterotrophs. |
| | D) | animals but not plants. |
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28 | |
The atmospheric oxygen released by plants comes from: |
| | A) | H2O. |
| | B) | CO2. |
| | C) | PGAL. |
| | D) | C6H12O6. |
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29 | |
ATP --> ADP + P. This reaction represents |
| | A) | energy stored. |
| | B) | energy released. |
| | C) | energy destroyed. |
| | D) | energy created. |
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