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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

What was the first disease to be treated with a specific chemical?
A)Tuberculosis
B)Syphilis
C)Bacterial meningitis
D)Whooping cough
E)Scarlet fever
2

The golden age of antibiotics began in 1928 with Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of an antibacterial compound he called what?
A)Arsenic
B)Salvarsan
C)Sulfonamide
D)Penicillin
E)Tetracycline
3

Which of the following statements does not characterize the ideal antimicrobial drug?
A)Microbistatic
B)Selectively toxic
C)Safely and easily broken down and excreted by the body
D)Remain active in the body as long as is needed
E)Not excessively costly
4

Antimicrobial drugs that are derived from the natural processes of some microorganisms and that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are specifically known as what?
A)Chemotherapeutic drugs
B)Prophylactic drugs
C)Semisynthetic drugs
D)Synthetic drugs
E)Antibiotics
5

Microbes that produce antimicrobial chemicals that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms in the same habitat are exhibiting what type of behavior?
A)Synergism
B)Mutualism
C)Antagonism
D)Parasitism
E)Commensalism
6

Which of the following is not a category of antimicrobial drugs?
A)Those that inhibit cell wall synthesis
B)Those that inhibit DNA and RNA structure and function
C)Those that inhibit protein synthesis
D)Those that interfere with cell membrane structure and function
E)Those that inhibit mRNA processing in the nucleus
7

Drugs that affect the bacterial cell wall are active only against what type of cells?
A)Gram negative
B)Dormant
C)Young, actively growing
D)Endospore-forming
E)Gram variable
8

How are drugs that block the synthesis of folic acid able to maintain selective toxicity?
A)Humans do not need folic acid while bacteria do.
B)Bacteria must synthesize folic acid, while humans acquire it from their diet.
C)Eucaryotic enzymes involved in folic acid synthesis differ from the prokaryotic enzymes involved in folic acid synthesis.
D)Eucaryotic cells do not transport this class of antibiotics into the cytoplasm, while prokaryotes do.
E)Such metabolic analogs only recognize prokaryotic enzymes involved in the synthesis of folic acid.
9

Antimicrobials that block nucleic acid synthesis may act in all but which of the following manners?
A)They can cross-link the DNA and prevent DNA replication.
B)They can inhibit DNA helicases and prevent unwinding.
C)They can block DNA transcription.
D)They can block the synthesis of DNA and RNA nucleotides.
E)They can inhibit the action of tRNA.
10

Which of the categories of antimicrobial drugs exhibits the least degree of selective toxicity?
A)Those that disrupt cell membrane function
B)Those that affect the cell wall
C)Those that inhibit nucleic acid function
D)Those that inhibit protein synthesis
E)Those that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
11

What portion of penicillin is responsible for its microbicidal activity?
A)The peptidoglycan
B)The thiazolidine ring
C)The beta-lactam ring
D)The variable side chain
E)The carboxyl group
12

Which of the following statements does not characterize penicillin and its relatives?
A)They are relatively mild.
B)The specifically target bacterial cell walls, so they are selectively toxic.
C)They can induce an allergic response in some individuals.
D)Some bacteria inactivate this drug by producing clavulanic acid.
E)These drugs are generally well-tolerated.
13

Which of the following is untrue of the cephalosporin group of drugs?
A)Their structure is similar to that of the penicillins.
B)Their spectrum of activity is extremely narrow.
C)There are three generations of these drugs.
D)They cause fewer allergic reactions than the penicillins.
E)They have two possible sites for placement of variable side chains.
14

Aminoglycoside drugs are products of what group of microorganisms?
A)Soil actinomycetes
B)Aerobic, Gram positive cocci
C)Penicillium chrysogenum
D)Cephalosporium acrimonium
E)Bacillus subtilis
15

What microorganism has the distinction of being one of nature's most prolific antibiotic producers?
A)Penicillium chrysogenum
B)Bacillus subtilis
C)Streptomyces sp.
D)Cephalosporium acrimonium
E)Micromonospora sp.
16

Which antibacterial drug does not inhibit protein synthesis?
A)Aminoglycoside
B)Tetracycline
C)Penicillin
D)Chloramphenicol
E)Erythromycin
17

Although several classes of antibacterial drugs act by inhibiting protein synthesis, only one acts by inhibiting the actual initiation of protein synthesis. What is this class of drugs?
A)Sulfonamides
B)Chloramphenicol
C)Vancomycin
D)Fluoroquinolones
E)Oxazolidinones
18

What was the drug used to treat individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis endospores in 2001?
A)Amphotericin B
B)Sulfonamides
C)Methicillin
D)Ciprofloxacin
E)Isoniazid
19

Why do fungal infections present special problems in terms of treatment?
A)Because fungi have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin
B)Because both fungi and humans are eukaryotes
C)Because fungi do not have an outer membrane
D)Because fungi are encapsulated
E)Because fungi do not have a nucleus
20

Why are viral infections especially difficult to treat?
A)Because they rely upon their host cells for the majority of their metabolic functions
B)Because they can have RNA as their nucleic acid
C)Because some viruses are naked while others are enveloped
D)Because there are many types of viral structures
E)Because viruses can halt their metabolism when in the presence of an antiviral agent
21

Antiviral compounds can have all but which of the following modes of action?
A)Prevention of complete viral penetration of host cells
B)Blockage of viral mRNA transcription
C)Destruction of extracellular viruses
D)Blockage of viral mRNA translation
E)Prevention of viral maturation
22

What is a logical antiviral drug target in retroviruses?
A)Thymidine kinase
B)Reverse transcriptase
C)DNA nucleotides
D)RNA nucleotides
E)Sterols in the cell wall
23

Which of the following is not a method by which organisms genetically resist drugs?
A)Transfer of R factors
B)Synthesis of enzymes that inactivate the drug
C)Decrease in drug uptake and drug permeability into the cell
D)Change in the number or affinity of drug receptor sites
E)Modification of an essential metabolic pathway
24

Strategies for combating drug resistance include all but which practice?
A)Responsible and appropriate drug therapy prescribed by medical personnel
B)Limitation of non-medical uses of antibiotics in humans
C)Responsible use of drugs by patients
D)Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal feeds
E)Distribution of free prescription drugs to underdeveloped countries
25

The greatest number of antimicrobic allergies is reported for what drug?
A)Sulfonamides
B)Tetracycline
C)Quinolones
D)Penicillins
E)Pyrantel





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