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1 | |
What cells work closely with macrophages to provide the elegance and complexity of immune function? |
| | A) | Neutrophils |
| | B) | Lymphocytes |
| | C) | Monocytes |
| | D) | Granulocytes |
| | E) | Red blood cells |
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2 | |
The four main functional types of T cells include all of but which of the following? |
| | A) | Helper cells |
| | B) | Suppressor cells |
| | C) | Cytotoxic cells |
| | D) | Delayed hypersensitivity cells |
| | E) | Plasma cells |
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3 | |
Which is not a function of cell surface receptors of macrophages and lymphocytes? |
| | A) | Determine the intensity of response to an antigen |
| | B) | Aid in cellular development |
| | C) | Promote the recognition of self molecules |
| | D) | Receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells |
| | E) | Perceive and attach to antigens |
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4 | |
Major histocompatibility complex antigens are found on all human cells with the exception of what type of cells? |
| | A) | Hepatocytes |
| | B) | Neurons |
| | C) | Red blood cells |
| | D) | Splenocytes |
| | E) | White blood cells |
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5 | |
Of the MHC genes, which codes for receptors that recognize and react with foreign antigens? |
| | A) | Class I MHC |
| | B) | Class II MHC |
| | C) | Class III MHC |
| | D) | CD4 receptors |
| | E) | CD8 receptors |
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6 | |
What class of MHC receptors is found on the surface of all nucleated cells? |
| | A) | Class I MHC |
| | B) | Class II MHC |
| | C) | Class III MHC |
| | D) | CD4 receptors |
| | E) | CD8 receptors |
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7 | |
What leads to the extreme variations in the expression of specific receptors in lymphocytes? |
| | A) | Human leukocyte antigens |
| | B) | Major histocompatibility complex antigens |
| | C) | Conjugation |
| | D) | Clonal selection |
| | E) | Transduction |
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8 | |
What is the process by which lymphocyte clones that develop a specificity for self molecules are eliminated or deleted from the pool of genetic diversity? |
| | A) | Antigen independence |
| | B) | Lymphocyte stimulation |
| | C) | Immune tolerance |
| | D) | Antigen dependence |
| | E) | Clonal selection |
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9 | |
Which of the following is not an assumption which can be derived from the clonal selection theory? |
| | A) | Lymphocyte specificity is preprogrammed. |
| | B) | Each genetically different type of lymphocyte expresses a single specificity. |
| | C) | Any lymphocyte that could possibly mount a harmful response against self molecules is eliminated or suppressed. |
| | D) | Development of both T and B lymphocytes follows a similar pattern. |
| | E) | The first introduction of each distinct type of antigen into the immune system selects a genetically distinct lymphocyte and causes it to expand into a clone of cells that can react to that antigen. |
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10 | |
Which statement regarding antibodies is incorrect? |
| | A) | They serve as the specific receptors on B cells. |
| | B) | They are composed of two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains. |
| | C) | Antigen binding sites are composed of constant (C) regions within one H and one L chain. |
| | D) | Antibodies exist in a Y-shaped arrangement. |
| | E) | The amino acid sequence within the variable (V) regions varies widely from one clone of lymphocytes to another. |
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11 | |
Immunoglobulin heavy (H) chains genes are composed of genes from what segments of the genome? |
| | A) | V and D |
| | B) | C and J |
| | C) | V, D, and J |
| | D) | V, J, and C |
| | E) | V, D, J, and C |
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12 | |
Which of the properties listed below is not associated with B cells? |
| | A) | They are found in high numbers throughout the circulatory system. |
| | B) | They mature in the bone marrow. |
| | C) | An immunoglobulin serves as the antigen receptor. |
| | D) | They do not require MHC proteins for antigen recognition. |
| | E) | They produce proteins that inactivate and neutralize antigens. |
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13 | |
A lymphocyte recognizes and responds to what component of an antigen? |
| | A) | Hapten |
| | B) | Antigenic determinant |
| | C) | Constant region |
| | D) | Variable region |
| | E) | Joining chain |
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14 | |
What is an example of a poor immunogen? |
| | A) | Glycoproteins |
| | B) | Whole fungal cells |
| | C) | Antibodies |
| | D) | Glycogen |
| | E) | Enzymes |
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15 | |
What is the component found in the human body which can serve as a carrier molecule when bound by haptens? |
| | A) | Red blood cells |
| | B) | Macrophages |
| | C) | Plasma |
| | D) | White blood cells |
| | E) | Serum proteins |
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16 | |
What is responsible for incompatibilities that can occur during blood transfusions? |
| | A) | Alloantigens |
| | B) | Heterogenetic antigens |
| | C) | Haptens |
| | D) | Allergens |
| | E) | Superantigens |
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17 | |
What are the first cells that recognize a processed and presented T-dependent antigen? |
| | A) | Dendritic cells |
| | B) | B lymphocytes |
| | C) | Macrophages |
| | D) | Memory cells |
| | E) | T helper cells |
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18 | |
What is the function of interleukin-1 (IL-1)? |
| | A) | It participates in opsonization. |
| | B) | It triggers the secondary response to an antigen. |
| | C) | It stimulates a general increase in activity of both committed B and T cells. |
| | D) | It activates T helper cells that have recognized processed and presented antigen. |
| | E) | It is a B cell growth factor. |
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19 | |
Once a B cell has processed and presented an antigen, what event must occur before it becomes activated? |
| | A) | The MHC protein must degrade the antigen. |
| | B) | A dendritic cell must secrete antibodies. |
| | C) | The B cell must bind to an activated T helper cell that has receptors for the same antigen. |
| | D) | The B cell must differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells. |
| | E) | The B cell must process and present a second identical antigen. |
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20 | |
In what type of reaction do antibodies fill surface receptors on a virus or the active site on a molecule to prevent it from functioning normally? |
| | A) | Opsonization |
| | B) | Agglutination |
| | C) | Complement fixation |
| | D) | Recognition |
| | E) | Neutralization |
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21 | |
What is the most prevalent antibody circulating throughout the tissue fluids and blood? |
| | A) | IgM |
| | B) | IgA |
| | C) | IgD |
| | D) | IgG |
| | E) | IgE |
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22 | |
What antibody is a significant component of the mucous and serous secretions of the salivary glands, intestine, nasal membrane, breast, lung, and genitourinary tract? |
| | A) | Monomeric IgA |
| | B) | Dimeric IgA |
| | C) | IgM |
| | D) | IgE |
| | E) | IgG |
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23 | |
What type of cell is fused with a myeloma cell when producing a hybridoma? |
| | A) | B lymphocyte |
| | B) | T lymphocyte |
| | C) | Plasma cell |
| | D) | Hepatocyte |
| | E) | Neuron |
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24 | |
What is the mode of action of T cytotoxic cells? |
| | A) | They secrete perforins that create pores in the membrane of a target cell. |
| | B) | They secrete cytokines which stimulate growth and activation of both B and T cells. |
| | C) | They inhibit the immune response. |
| | D) | They initiate delayed responses to allergens. |
| | E) | They contribute to the initiation of the classical complement pathway. |
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25 | |
Which of the following is an example of artificial passive immunity? |
| | A) | A person who recovers from an infectious disease |
| | B) | A person who receives immune serum during treatment for hepatitis |
| | C) | A fetus receiving maternal antibodies that cross the placenta |
| | D) | A person being vaccinated against Neisseria meningitides |
| | E) | A newborn receiving antibodies in breast milk while breast feeding |
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