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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

Which of the following is not a factor that contributed to the worldwide transmission of syphilis that began in the latter 15th century?
A)The evolution of Treponema pallidum from a related subspecies.
B)Sailors returning with Christopher Columbus from the West Indies brought the disease with them.
C)Europe was involved in many wars at the end of the 15th century.
D)The European population was sexually promiscuous during this period.
E)Europeans were not immune to Treponema pallidum.
2

What is the reservoir of Treponema pallidum?
A)Laboratory mice
B)Armadillos
C)Herbivorous animals
D)Humans
E)Soil
3

Once Treponema pallidum penetrates the capillaries following transmission, where does the organism migrate to in order to incubate?
A)Any tissue
B)The lymph nodes
C)The liver
D)The kidneys
E)The meninges
4

What accounts for the virulence of Treponema pallidum?
A)Capsule
B)Exotoxins
C)Outer membrane proteins
D)Endotoxin
E)Pili
5

How are Leptospira species transmitted from their animal reservoirs to humans?
A)Animal bites
B)Arthropod vectors
C)Contact with urine from an infected animal
D)Inhalation
E)Human contact with infected animals
6

How are human infections with Borrelia species transmitted?
A)Animal bites
B)Arthropod vectors
C)Contact with urine from an infected animal
D)Inhalation
E)Human contact with infected animals
7

How are Borrelia species able to evade the immune system and avoid destruction in infected humans?
A)They are obligate intracellular parasites.
B)They prevent phagosome fusion with a lysosome in a macrophage.
C)They have a capsule that makes phagocytosis difficult.
D)They remain inside the arthropod vector and are never exposed to the immune system.
E)They alter their surface antigens during growth.
8

What is the reservoir for Lyme disease in the northeastern United States?
A)Black-legged deer tick
B)Deer
C)Humans
D)White-footed mouse
E)Ixodes nymphs
9

Seventy percent of patients with Lyme disease experience what distinguishing early symptom?
A)High fever
B)Shaking chills
C)Stiff neck
D)Dizziness
E)Bull's-eye rash/lesion at the site of the tick bite
10

What trend has aided in the progression of the current Lyme disease epidemic?
A)Greater mingling of humans and animals in woodland habitats
B)A decrease in the natural reservoirs
C)Destruction of tropical rain forests
D)A worldwide increase in international travel
E)Decreased susceptibility of the organism to antibiotics
11

What condition does not favor the transmission of cholera?
A)Warmth
B)Alkaline environments
C)Salty environments
D)Acidic environments
E)Monsoon seasons
12

Why is the infectious dose of Vibrio cholerae so high?
A)Because the organism has no virulence factors.
B)Because the organisms must invade all the cells at the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum.
C)Because most are killed by the acidic environment in the stomach.
D)Because the organism is not spread person-to-person.
E)Because most are killed by lysozyme in saliva.
13

Cholera toxin increases the activity of what enzyme in human intestinal cells?
A)Adenyl cyclase
B)DNase
C)Coagulase
D)cAMP
E)cGMP
14

What enzyme possessed by Helicobacter pylori helps to neutralize stomach acid and whose presence is tested for in biopsy specimens?
A)Coagulase
B)Urease
C)Hyaluronidase
D)DNase
E)Catalase
15

Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis, as well as most other forms of gastroenteritis, requires what?
A)Oral antibiotics
B)Anti-diarrhea and anti-nausea medication
C)IV antibiotics
D)Emergency care
E)Rehydration and electrolyte balance therapy
16

Where do rickettsias localize once they are inoculated into the human body?
A)Regional lymph nodes
B)Liver
C)Kidneys
D)Meninges
E)Endothelial lining of small blood vessels
17

What organism causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
A)Rickettsia prowazekii
B)Rickettsia typhi
C)Rickettsia mooseri
D)Rickettsia rickettsii
E)Erchlichia chaffeensis
18

Cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever are concentrated in what area of the United States?
A)Pacific Northwest
B)Rocky Mountain region
C)Southeast
D)Southwest
E)Northeast
19

Portals of entry for Coxiella burnetti include all except which of the following?
A)Genitourinary tract
B)Skin
C)Conjunctiva
D)Lungs
E)Gastrointestinal tract
20

Transmission of ocular trachoma is favored by all but which of the following conditions?
A)Hot, dry climate
B)Food
C)Flies
D)Contaminated fingers
E)Contaminated fomites
21

From a medical and socioeconomic standpoint, what sexually transmitted disease is the most clinically significant?
A)Gonorrhea
B)Chlamydia
C)Syphilis
D)Lymphogranuloma venereum
E)Herpes simplex 2
22

What is the reservoir for Chlamydia psittaci ornithosis?
A)Pigs
B)Wild rodents
C)Humans
D)Wild and domesticated birds
E)Soil
23

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the mycoplasmas?
A)They tend to cause chronic infections.
B)They are pleomorphic because they lack cell walls.
C)They are strict parasites.
D)They form intimate associations with the membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tract.
E)They are among the smallest of the self-replicating microorganisms.
24

What is the most common human disease?
A)Walking pneumonia
B)Strep throat
C)Gonorrhea
D)Lyme disease
E)Dental caries
25

What are the first organisms that colonize a freshly brushed tooth?
A)Streptococcus
B)Actinomyces
C)Lactobacillus
D)Fusobacterium
E)Treponema





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