describe how lenses bend light rays to produce enlarged images of small objects
describe the various parts of the light microscope and how each part contributes to the functioning of the microscope
describe the preparation and simple staining of specimens for observation with the light microscope
describe the Gram-staining procedure and how it is used to categorize bacteria
describe the basis for the various staining procedures used to visualize specific structures associated with microorganisms
compare the operation of the transmission and scanning electron microscopes with each other and with light microscopes
describe confocal microscopy and scanning probe microscopy
compare and contrast light microscopes, electron microscopes, confocal microscopes, and scanning probe microscopes in terms of their resolution, the types of specimens that can be examined, and the images produced
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