Choose the Best Answer

1			"Superbug" was a name coined for organisms engineered for
			A)	antibiotic production.
			B)	probiotic production.
			C)	hydrocarbon degradation.
			D)	enzyme production.
			E)	insulin production.
2			Which of the following is the easiest method of gene transfer?
			A)	Protoplast fusion
			B)	Electroporation
			C)	Transformation
			D)	Gene gun
			E)	Viral vectors
3			Lycopene is an important antioxidant normally present in high levels in
			A)	artichokes.
			B)	bananas.
			C)	tomatoes.
			D)	oranges.
			E)	soybeans.
4			Lyophilization is synonymous with:
			A)	Freeze-drying
			B)	Pasteurization
			C)	Filtration
			D)	Spoilage
			E)	Fermentation
5			Continuous feed during fermentation is used to maintain
			A)	temperature.
			B)	water level.
			C)	product concentration.
			D)	substrate concentration.
			E)	cell number.
6			Antibiotics tend to be
			A)	primary metabolites.
			B)	secondary metabolites.
			C)	tertiary metabolites.
			D)	quaternary metabolites.
			E)	any of the above.
7			Amino acids are used as food additives for which of the following reasons?
			A)	As natural antibiotics
			B)	As natural growth inhibitors
			C)	For nutritive purposes
			D)	As antioxidants
			E)	As food preservatives
8			_________ are microbially produced and can serve as gelling agents.
			A)	Amino acids
			B)	Biopolymers
			C)	Lipids
			D)	Polysaccharides
			E)	Fatty acids
9			Which of the following have NOT been used in various bioconversions?
			A)	Unicellular bacteria
			B)	Actinomycetes
			C)	Yeasts
			D)	Molds
			E)	Viruses
10			Which of the following best describes biodegradation?
			A)	A minor change in an organic molecule
			B)	Fragmentation of a complex organic molecule
			C)	Complete transformation of the organic molecule to mineral forms
			D)	All of the above
			E)	None of the above
11			_______ - corroding organisms are becoming very problematic.
			A)	Titanium
			B)	Gold
			C)	Aluminum
			D)	Steel
			E)	Iron
12			Which of the following was/were used to increase biodegradation after the Exxon Valdez oil spell?
			A)	Nutrient additions
			B)	Chemical dispersants
			C)	Biosurfactant additions
			D)	High-pressure steam
			E)	All of the above
13			Nonbiological foreign chemicals are termed:
			A)	Antibiotics
			B)	Probiotics
			C)	Prebiotics
			D)	Xenobiotics
			E)	Neurobiotics
14			_____ seem to be the most efficient at degradation of nonbiological chemicals.
			A)	Algae
			B)	Animals
			C)	Bacteria
			D)	Fungi
			E)	Plants
15			Which organism produces insecticidal activity?
			A)	Bacillus cereus
			B)	Bacsubtilis
			C)	Bacillus stearothermophilis
			D)	illus thuringiensis
			E)	herichia coli
16			________ open frames can be typically scanned in the microarray format.
			A)	A few
			B)	Tens of
			C)	Hundreds of
			D)	Thousands of
			E)	Millions of