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1

Identify the reaction below

    Lactose + H2O -------------> glucose + galactose

A)Synthesis reaction
B)Hydrolysis reaction
C)Exchange reaction
D)Reversible reaction
E)Dehydration reaction
2
A yeast or fungal cell produces how many NET ATP molecules per molecule of glucose when completely oxidized?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)36
E)38
3
Which of the following is the best most complete definition of fermentation?
A)The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid.
B)The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors.
C)The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and H2O.
D)The production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation.
E)The production of ethyl alcohol from glucose.
4
In lactic acid fermentation the final electron acceptor would be
A)oxygen.
B)nitrate.
C)pyruvate.
D)glucose.
E)acetyl-CoA.
5
Which of the following best explains why the production of ethanol is important in yeast cells that are under anaerobic conditions?
A)Ethanol keeps the electron transport system functioning.
B)Yeast would be unable to activate the enzymes of the Krebs cycle without ethanol.
C)The process generates oxygen, which is required for glycolysis.
D)The process regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis.
E)Ethanol stimulates mitochondrial activity.
6
Most bacterial fermentations yield how many NET ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)36
E)38
7
Organisms can synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
A)when they ferment.
B)when they oxidize glucose to pyruvate.
C)when they pass electrons to oxygen through an electron transport system containing cytochromes.
D)when they pass electrons from the oxidation of chlorophyll through an electron transport system.
E)under none of the conditions described above.

Compare the following entities (I and II). Characterize them according to the following key:

8

I. The amount of energy (cal/mole) in an ATP molecule produced by a cell from glucose by fermentation means.

II. The amount of energy (cal/mole) in an ATP molecule produced by a cell from glucose by aerobic metabolism means

.
A)I is greater than II.
B)I is less than II.
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II.
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II.
9

I. The amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a 12 C fatty acid.

II. The amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a 12 C carbohydrate.

A)I is greater than II.
B)I is less than II.
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II.
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II.
10

I. The amount of ATP produced by a cell from glucose when metabolizing it by fermentation means.

II. The amount of ATP produced by a cell from glucose when metabolizing it by aerobic metabolism means.

A)I is greater than II.
B)I is less than II.
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II.
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II.
11

I. The number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule by a bacterium producing lactic acid.

II. The number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule by a bacterium producing ethanol.

A)I is greater than II.
B)I is less than II.
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II.
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II.
12

I. The amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a glucose by a bacterium.

II. The amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a glucose by a yeast cell.

A)I is greater than II.
B)I is less than II.
C)I is exactly or approximately equal to II.
D)I may stand in more than one of the above relations to II.
13
Which of the following best explains why the production of ethanol is important in yeast cells that are under anaerobic conditions?
A)Ethanol keeps the electron transport system functioning.
B)Yeast would be unable to activate the enzymes of the Krebs cycle without ethanol.
C)The process generates oxygen, which is required for glycolysis.
D)The process regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis.
E)Ethanol stimulates mitochondrial activity.
14
Most bacterial fermentations yield how many NET ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)36
E)38
15
Organisms can synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
A)when they ferment.
B)when they oxidize glucose to pyruvate.
C)when they pass electrons to oxygen through an electron transport system containing cytochromes.
D)when they pass electrons from the oxidation of chlorophyll through an electron transport system.
E)under none of the conditions described above.
16
In anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor can be
A)oxygen.
B)nitrate.
C)pyruvate.
D)glucose.
E)acetyl-CoA.
17
Aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following respects?
A)Anaerobic respiration is glycolysis.
B)The final electron acceptors are different.
C)Aerobic respiration requires the electron transport chain.
D)Aerobic respiration gets electrons from the Krebs cycle.
E)Aerobic respiration produces less ATP.
18
Suppose a eukaryotic cell had a mutation that prevented the production of Cytochrome c. As a result of this mutation, which of the following processes would not occur?
A)cellular respiration
B)photosynthesis
C)mitosis
D)DNA replication
E)cell wall synthesis
19
Which one of the following is not produced in any of the steps of glycolysis?
A)NAD+
B)NADH
C)ADP
D)ATP
E)pyruvic acid
20
How many oxygen molecules are required in the fermentation of one molecule of glucose to ethanol and CO2?
A)0
B)1
C)24
D)36
E)38
21
The enzymes for glycolysis are located
A)on the inner surface of the cell membrane.
B)in the cytoplasm.
C)on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
D)on the outer membrane of the chloroplast.
E)in the Golgi apparatus.
22
You are growing animal cells in culture and notice that the cells do not look very healthy. After some checking you discover that there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. What is probably wrong with this culture?
A)Too much sugar is in the medium.
B)Ethyl alcohol is being produced in excess.
C)The cells do not have enough oxygen.
D)The cells have too much oxygen.
E)Glycolysis is being inhibited.
23
The enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle are found in which subcellular organelle of eukaryotes?
A)chloroplast
B)ribosome
C)lysosome
D)mitochondrion
E)endoplasmic reticulum
24
Before most molecules can enter the Krebs citric acid cycle, they must be converted to
A)citric acid.
B)oxaloacetic acid.
C)carbon dioxide and water.
D)NADH or FADH.
E)acetyl-CoA.
25
How many molecules of carbon dioxide will be given off during ten turns of the Krebs cycle?
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)100
26
Which one of the following is produced in the greatest numbers during one "turn" of the Krebs cycle?
A)NADH
B)acetyl-CoA
C)FADH2
D)carbon dioxide
E)ATP
27
In cellular metabolism, O2 is used
A)to provide electrons for photophosphorylation.
B)in glycolysis.
C)in fermentation.
D)as a terminal electron acceptor.
E)in the Krebs cycle.
28
Which of the following is accomplished in chemiosmosis?
A)the oxidation of ATP
B)the oxidation of water
C)the oxidation of NADH
D)the oxidation of H+
E)the oxidation of CO2
29
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is
A)CoQ.
B)a cytochrome.
C)FMN.
D)oxygen.
E)carbon dioxide.
30
For each pair of electrons passing from NADH located inside the mitochondrial to oxygen, how many ATP molecules can be generated?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
31

Glucose can be broken down to pyruvate by

  1. the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
  2. the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
A)I only is true.
B)II only is true.
C)Both I and II are true.
D)Neither I nor II are true.
32
In glycolysis ATP is created by
A)oxidative phosphorylation.
B)photophosphorylation.
C)the chemiosmotic mechanism.
D)substrate level phosphorylation.
E)the pentose phosphate pathway.
33
Fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl-CoA by which of the following pathways?
A)beta oxidation
B)Entner-Doudoroff
C)the pentose phosphate pathway
D)the Embden-Meyerhof pathway
E)the tricarboxylic acid pathway





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