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1 | |
Psychologists who study orderly and sequential changes that occur in behavior with the passage of time are studying |
| | A) | growth |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | development |
| | D) | learning |
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2 | |
The four major issues of developmental psychology are describing, explaining, predicting, and ________ developmental changes. |
| | A) | modifying |
| | B) | redirecting |
| | C) | changing |
| | D) | controlling |
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3 | |
Which of the following domains of development entails changes in weight, height, organ structures and processes and skeletal, muscular, and neurological features? |
| | A) | cognitive development |
| | B) | physical development |
| | C) | psychosocial development |
| | D) | neurological development |
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4 | |
Those changes that occur in mental activity, including sensation, perception, memory, thought, reasoning, and language, are studied in the field of ________ development. |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | physical |
| | C) | psychosocial |
| | D) | evolutionary |
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5 | |
Those changes that concern a person's personality, emotions, and relationships with others are known as ________ development. |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | physical |
| | C) | psychosocial |
| | D) | evolutionary |
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6 | |
Developmental psychologists studying psychosocial development are interested in |
| | A) | perception |
| | B) | mental activity |
| | C) | personality formation |
| | D) | motor skills |
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7 | |
When an organism takes in a variety of substances, breaks them down into their chemical components, and then reassembles them into new materials, resulting in a change of size, this is called |
| | A) | metabolic change |
| | B) | mental change |
| | C) | growth |
| | D) | biochemical change |
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8 | |
When a particular biological potential, such as the ability to walk, automatically unfolds in a set, irreversible sequence, we refer to this process as |
| | A) | growth |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | learning |
| | D) | development |
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9 | |
The more or less permanent modification in behavior that results from the individual's experience in the environment is called |
| | A) | cognitive overload |
| | B) | maturation |
| | C) | growth |
| | D) | learning |
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10 | |
An advocate of the ecological approach believes that the study of developmental influences must include |
| | A) | a person's interaction with the environment |
| | B) | the individual's changing physical and social settings |
| | C) | how the process is affected by society |
| | D) | all of the above |
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11 | |
Which of the following consists of the interrelationships among the various settings in which the developing person is immersed? |
| | A) | microsystem |
| | B) | mesosystem |
| | C) | exosystem |
| | D) | macrosystem |
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12 | |
Which ecological system includes the social structures that directly or indirectly affect a person's life, such as school, work, the media, government agencies, and various social networks? |
| | A) | microsystem |
| | B) | mesosystem |
| | C) | exosystem |
| | D) | macrosystem |
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13 | |
An example of a normative age-graded influence on development would be an adolescent's |
| | A) | experiencing a sudden religious conversion |
| | B) | dropping out of school in 1930 |
| | C) | developing a severe case of acne |
| | D) | finishing junior high school |
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14 | |
Each generation's members experience certain decisive economic, social, political, and military events at similar junctures in life; these are referred to as |
| | A) | normative age-graded influences |
| | B) | normative history-graded influences |
| | C) | nonnormative life events |
| | D) | normative life events |
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15 | |
Unique turning points at which people change some direction in their lives (such as divorce, winning the lottery, or being severely injured in an accident) are called |
| | A) | normative age-graded influences |
| | B) | normative history-graded influences |
| | C) | nonnormative life events |
| | D) | normative life events |
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16 | |
When a developmental psychologist says that age is a master status, she means that |
| | A) | roles are assigned independently of the person's age |
| | B) | age governs entry to many other statuses over the life span |
| | C) | as a person ages, he or she is afforded a higher status |
| | D) | young men are assigned to the military in some cultures |
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17 | |
A person's ________ functions as a reference point that allows people to orient themselves in terms of what or where they are within various social networks. |
| | A) | educational status |
| | B) | social status |
| | C) | age |
| | D) | financial status |
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18 | |
The social heritage of a people (those learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next) is called |
| | A) | the life cycle |
| | B) | culture |
| | C) | social lifestyle |
| | D) | social consequence |
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19 | |
All societies are divided into social layers that are based on time periods in life, which psychologists call |
| | A) | hierarchies |
| | B) | layers |
| | C) | age strata |
| | D) | strata organization |
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20 | |
In studying the historical conceptions of age, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Throughout history, childhood has been considered a distinct age stage. |
| | B) | The idea of children needing continuous guidance and support developed in the nineteenth century. |
| | C) | The transition time from adolescence to adulthood has shortened. |
| | D) | There is basically no distinction between the young-old and the old-old. |
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21 | |
Which of the following was not an area of concern of early developmentalists? |
| | A) | cognitive development |
| | B) | emotional development |
| | C) | pathological development |
| | D) | role of the self |
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22 | |
Which of the following is not considered a step in the scientific method? |
| | A) | formulating a hypothesis |
| | B) | testing the hypothesis |
| | C) | conducting a literature review |
| | D) | disseminating the findings of the study to the scientific community |
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23 | |
A hypothesis refers to a(n) |
| | A) | prediction that can be tested by gathering appropriate information |
| | B) | controlled lab experiment |
| | C) | explanation of experimental data |
| | D) | test to determine whether a prediction is correct |
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24 | |
A benefit of the longitudinal method is that: |
| | A) | the researcher studies all the same sample over the same period of time |
| | B) | the researcher gains insight into the routes by which people turn out similarly or differently in adulthood |
| | C) | a variety of social or economic events enters the picture, which makes this more interesting for the researchers |
| | D) | some people drop out of the study, so the researcher has fewer subjects to work with |
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25 | |
In the cross-sectional method |
| | A) | the same group of subjects is repeatedly given the same test over a twenty year period |
| | B) | surveys are administered to samples of people from around the country |
| | C) | different groups and ages of subjects are observed at the same time |
| | D) | the behavior of subjects in a laboratory environment is compared with their behavior in their natural setting |
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26 | |
One of the major criticisms of cross-sectional studies is that |
| | A) | they are costly and time-consuming to conduct |
| | B) | it is difficult to keep in contact with all the subjects |
| | C) | it is difficult to control the environment of the subjects between testing periods |
| | D) | differences in social environment, intelligence, or diet make it difficult to compare groups |
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27 | |
The sequential method approach |
| | A) | relies mainly on the use of surveys |
| | B) | always measures cohorts in ten year intervals |
| | C) | involves measuring more than one cohort over time |
| | D) | is used to compare different individuals sequentially |
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28 | |
In the experimental method, the independent variable is |
| | A) | a measure of extraneous behavior |
| | B) | the variable being manipulated and is considered the causal factor |
| | C) | administered only to the control group |
| | D) | usually administered in the form of a paper-and-pencil test or a performance test |
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29 | |
The case-study approach |
| | A) | relies mainly on the use of surveys |
| | B) | is exemplified by studies on maladjusted or emotionally disturbed individuals |
| | C) | focuses on getting a representative sample of children |
| | D) | is used to compare different individuals rather than groups |
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30 | |
A developmental psychologist tries to determine whether a variable (e.g., instructional method) that he systematically manipulates affects another variable (e.g., IQ scores). This psychologist is using the ________ method. |
| | A) | case-study |
| | B) | cross-sectional |
| | C) | experimental |
| | D) | longitudinal |
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31 | |
Researchers interested in studying the incidence of behavior in a large population might use a quantitative method known as |
| | A) | the case study |
| | B) | the cross-sectional study |
| | C) | the Prodigy Polls |
| | D) | the social survey method |
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32 | |
Though naturalistic observation can provide a source of ideas for study, it is not a particularly strong technique for studying behavior because |
| | A) | the researcher lacks control over the behavior being studied |
| | B) | the subjects enjoy being observed |
| | C) | the researcher usually interacts with the subjects |
| | D) | the subjects usually want to be paid for their performance |
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33 | |
In the cross-cultural method, researchers focus on |
| | A) | comparison of data from at least five countries |
| | B) | several neighboring families in a similar geographical area |
| | C) | complex behaviors and customs |
| | D) | culture rather than individuals |
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34 | |
A positive correlation is defined as |
| | A) | the positive identification of related data |
| | B) | when two conditions occur and rise together |
| | C) | a numerical relationship between two variables |
| | D) | a change from -1.00 to +1.00 |
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35 | |
An important ethical guideline for human research emphasized by the authors of your text was that |
| | A) | subjects should be required to continue in a study once they commit themselves |
| | B) | subjects must sometimes be coerced to participate in an experiment |
| | C) | the experimenter is responsible for conducting research with regard for the dignity and welfare of the participants |
| | D) | deception should be used when full disclosure to subjects would be harmful to their egos |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education