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1 | |
According to Erik Erikson, those in late adulthood are confronted with which task that might lead to wisdom? |
| | A) | isolation vs. socialization |
| | B) | outwardness vs. inferiority |
| | C) | integrity vs. despair |
| | D) | trust vs. mistrust |
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2 | |
According to Peck, an elderly person who sees himself as having multiple dimensions and as pursuing new ways of finding a sense of satisfaction is demonstrating |
| | A) | disengagement |
| | B) | ego differentiation |
| | C) | body transcendence |
| | D) | ego transcendence |
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3 | |
What does Peck say happens to men and women who equate pleasure with physical comfort and well-being? |
| | A) | They do not succumb to their physical aches, pains, and disabilities. |
| | B) | They refuse to become preoccupied with bodily health. |
| | C) | They are affected significantly by the decline in their health and strength. |
| | D) | They find human relationships and creative mental activities to be more fulfilling. |
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4 | |
By "ego transcendence," Peck means that the elderly |
| | A) | come to see themselves as living on after death through their contributions - children, work, etc. |
| | B) | do not succumb to becoming preoccupied with their declining health |
| | C) | adapt easily to their new stage in life |
| | D) | come to realize that they are multi-dimensional and not just workers |
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5 | |
According to Neugarten's research on personality and patterns of aging, what term does she use to describe those people who place a premium on staying young, remaining active, and refusing to grow old? |
| | A) | focused |
| | B) | reorganizers |
| | C) | integrated |
| | D) | holders-on |
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6 | |
In Neugarten's study of personality patterns in the aged, she describes the disintegrated elderly as |
| | A) | revealing defects in psychological and thought processes |
| | B) | well-functioning individuals with a complex inner life and intact cognitive abilities |
| | C) | striving, ambitious, achievement-oriented individuals |
| | D) | having strong dependency needs and eliciting responsiveness from others |
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7 | |
Older people have more favorable self-concepts if they |
| | A) | live in their private homes |
| | B) | are healthy and relatively affluent |
| | C) | were happy and emotionally stable in their younger years |
| | D) | all of the above |
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8 | |
The Harvard graduates' longitudinal study found which personality traits are associated with those making the best emotional adjustments in their later years? |
| | A) | spontaneity and creativity |
| | B) | ability to make friends easily |
| | C) | scholarly and theoretical traits |
| | D) | organization, dependability, and sincerity |
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9 | |
Research suggests that being close to one's siblings while in college |
| | A) | has little effect on well-being in later adulthood |
| | B) | is a variable that more strongly predicts emotional well-being in later adulthood than having had a successful career |
| | C) | is a weaker predictor of emotional well-being in later adulthood than having had a good marriage |
| | D) | is associated with psychological depression and high divorce rates in later adulthood |
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10 | |
According to which of the following theories does a gradual and mutually satisfying process occur in the course of aging in which society and the individual prepare in advance for incapacitating disease and death? |
| | A) | role exit |
| | B) | disengagement |
| | C) | social exchange |
| | D) | activity |
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11 | |
According to activity theory, as people age they |
| | A) | lose their master status as younger people take over their roles |
| | B) | volunteer more to stay active |
| | C) | decrease social interaction (a result of society withdrawing from the aging person) |
| | D) | attempt to extract from society a more favorable distribution of benefits and privileges for themselves |
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12 | |
The role exit theory, formulated by Blau and supported by Rosow, states as Americans age, they |
| | A) | have decreasing interaction with society |
| | B) | increasingly volunteer to fill in the "gaps" in their time |
| | C) | lose their basic identity by losing opportunities to be socially useful |
| | D) | seek integration through more solitary activities |
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13 | |
The social exchange theory of aging suggests that the elderly find themselves in a state of increasing vulnerability because |
| | A) | they have less to offer society |
| | B) | role loss is a stressful experience |
| | C) | increasing numbers of elderly individuals are retiring early |
| | D) | as an elderly person's activity level declines, so do feelings of satisfaction, contentment, and happiness |
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14 | |
The ________ theory assumes that the position of the aged in pre-industrial, traditional societies is high because the aged tend to accumulate knowledge and control through their years of experience. |
| | A) | activity |
| | B) | disengagement |
| | C) | modernization |
| | D) | social exchange |
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15 | |
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, by the year 2000 only one in ________ men 60 years and over will be working. |
| | A) | two |
| | B) | four |
| | C) | six |
| | D) | ten |
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16 | |
Many Americans view the practice of compelling workers to retire as a |
| | A) | way of ensuring more jobs for young adults |
| | B) | long-term solution to inflation |
| | C) | curtailment of basic rights |
| | D) | way of improving future life prospects for the elderly |
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17 | |
Surveys conducted by the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) found that how many older workers and retirees would delay retirement if they could work fewer hours instead of retiring? |
| | A) | 5-20 percent |
| | B) | 25-50 percent |
| | C) | 50-75 percent |
| | D) | 76-100 percent |
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18 | |
Which of the following is an accurate finding about American retirees? |
| | A) | More are going back to college. |
| | B) | More are doing preplanning. |
| | C) | Involuntary retirees have more satisfaction after retirement. |
| | D) | Most retirees regard retirement with optimism and plan for it. |
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19 | |
Based on most research of satisfaction in a lifetime of marriage, researchers suggest that, graphically, it resembles |
| | A) | a broken line, - - , with breaks in satisfaction with companionship throughout the marriage |
| | B) | like a W, with lots of ups and downs during marriage and with satisfaction varying at times |
| | C) | like a U, with greater satisfaction at the beginning and later years of marriage |
| | D) | like an S, "go with the flow," where satisfaction varies from time to time |
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20 | |
Which of the following factors appears to contribute to improved marital relationships in later years? |
| | A) | Problems with issues such as in-laws and sex have often been resolved. |
| | B) | Grown children are more likely to show appreciation and affection toward their elderly parents and ask less of their parents. |
| | C) | Each partner enjoys spending much more time with his or her spouse. |
| | D) | Grandchildren are more likely to help out with chores that the couple cannot perform. |
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21 | |
About what percent of couples both retire at the same time (based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women)? |
| | A) | 5 percent |
| | B) | 10 percent |
| | C) | 15 percent |
| | D) | 25 percent |
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22 | |
It's ________ rather than ________ who researchers find receive marriage's greatest mental and physical benefits; and older ________ individuals are healthier than ________ individuals. |
| | A) | men, women; single, married |
| | B) | men, women, married, single |
| | C) | women, men; married, single |
| | D) | women, men; single, married |
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23 | |
Which of the following statements concerning the current generation of grandparents is accurate? |
| | A) | More youngsters have living grandparents, particularly grandmothers. |
| | B) | Grandparents have less money. |
| | C) | Grandfathers report greater satisfaction with grandparenting than grandmothers. |
| | D) | The main role for grandparents is that of surrogate parents. |
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24 | |
According to your text, most nursing homes |
| | A) | have an adequate, qualified staff |
| | B) | are owned by private proprietors and are operated for profit |
| | C) | are rarely used by the terminally ill who require intensive nursing care |
| | D) | are more economical than services such as adult day care and "meals on wheels" |
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25 | |
Nursing home residents who were told by an administrator that they were responsible for caring for themselves and for shaping the home's policies |
| | A) | became more depressed than comparable residents |
| | B) | were rated as healthier than comparable residents |
| | C) | were overwhelmed by their responsibilities and refused to assume them |
| | D) | expressed a preference to be physically and emotionally dependent |
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26 | |
Langer and Rodin's study in a nursing home found that patients who were given a choice and asked to make decisions |
| | A) | fell into psychological depression by virtue of the stress |
| | B) | exhibited helplessness in the face of making decisions for themselves |
| | C) | began to take over and order the staff about |
| | D) | were actually healthier than the control group |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education