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1 | |
According to Erik Erikson, the development of which of the following is the essential task of infancy? |
| | A) | independence |
| | B) | a sense of self-worth |
| | C) | a basic trust in others |
| | D) | the feeling of belonging |
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2 | |
The physiological changes, subjective experiences, and expressive behaviors that are involved in feelings is termed |
| | A) | temperament |
| | B) | emotion |
| | C) | self-esteem |
| | D) | social referencing |
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3 | |
Child neglect is best defined as |
| | A) | an intentional physical attack on a child by the parent |
| | B) | an injury that is purposely inflicted on the child by the parent |
| | C) | the absence of adequate social, emotional, and physical care |
| | D) | severe injuries associated with physical abuse of children |
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4 | |
Studies of parents who abuse their children reveal that the parents |
| | A) | expect very little from their children |
| | B) | are exclusively from lower socioeconomic levels |
| | C) | were themselves abused as children |
| | D) | usually suffer from severe psychotic tendencies, untreatable through counseling |
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5 | |
The practice whereby an inexperienced person relies on a more experienced person's interpretation of an event to regulate his or her subsequent behavior is |
| | A) | accommodation |
| | B) | modeling |
| | C) | imprinting |
| | D) | social referencing |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements is the most accurate according to Izard's differential emotions theory? |
| | A) | All the basic emotions are in place at birth. |
| | B) | At birth, the inner feelings of babies are limited to shyness, contempt, and guilt. |
| | C) | Emotions are not preprogrammed on a biological clock. |
| | D) | Each emotion has its own distinctive facial pattern. |
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7 | |
Izard has found that infants normally express shyness as well as self-awareness |
| | A) | shortly after birth |
| | B) | around 4 to 6 weeks of age |
| | C) | around 6 to 8 months of age |
| | D) | by about their first birthday |
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8 | |
According to Stanley and Nancy Greenspan's stage theory, infants develop intentional communication with the important people of their lives when they are operating at which stage? |
| | A) | second |
| | B) | third |
| | C) | fourth |
| | D) | fifth |
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9 | |
The relatively consistent, basic dispositions inherent in people that underlie and modulate much of their behavior are referred to as |
| | A) | temperament |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | person permanence |
| | D) | emotion |
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10 | |
The attachment behavioral system does the following |
| | A) | encourages youngsters to avoid people |
| | B) | leads to maintaining proximal contact with adults |
| | C) | gives the child feelings of security to explore |
| | D) | encourages interaction with others after initial wariness subsides |
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11 | |
According to Thomas's categories of temperament, a baby that has a low activity level, adapts very slowly, and tends to be withdrawn would be classified as a(n) ________ baby. |
| | A) | difficult |
| | B) | easy |
| | C) | slow-to-warm-up |
| | D) | passive |
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12 | |
Thomas refers to the match between the characteristics of infants and their families as |
| | A) | temperament |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | social bonding |
| | D) | goodness of fit |
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13 | |
A major finding about temperament and child-rearing practices is |
| | A) | children are active agents in their own socialization process |
| | B) | parents are the product of the children they are trying to rear |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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14 | |
The affectional bond that one individual forms for another and that endures across time is referred |
| | A) | to as |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | temperament |
| | D) | person permanence |
| | E) | social referencing |
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15 | |
Which of the following is identified as an indicator of specific attachment in infants (the 3rd stage of attachment)? |
| | A) | separation distress |
| | B) | bonding |
| | C) | maternal deprivation |
| | D) | developmental psychopathology |
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16 | |
A child who cries in the presence of unknown people is probably exhibiting |
| | A) | neglect |
| | B) | object relations anxiety |
| | C) | attachment anxiety |
| | D) | stranger anxiety |
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17 | |
The ongoing relationships infants have with mothers, fathers, grandparents, and siblings is called their |
| | A) | social framework |
| | B) | social network |
| | C) | social attachment |
| | D) | social permanence |
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18 | |
Which of the following is not a function of attachment? |
| | A) | The child learns to cling to the primary caregiver. |
| | B) | The child learns about the world. |
| | C) | It provides the child with emotional security. |
| | D) | It allows the child to enter into social relationships with other human beings. |
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19 | |
The ethologist John Bowlby says that attachment behaviors are |
| | A) | learned behaviors from one's environment |
| | B) | formed from proximity and contact with adults |
| | C) | innate biological tendencies ready to be activated |
| | D) | reciprocal and derive from a reinforcing relationship with the mother |
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20 | |
According to learning theories of attachment, the mother is initially a |
| | A) | biologically preprogrammed magnet for the child |
| | B) | punishing source for the child |
| | C) | hindrance to the child's acquisition of gender identity |
| | D) | neutral stimulus for the child |
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21 | |
Research by Ainsworth indicates that |
| | A) | there is no correlation between early maternal caregiving and patterns of attachment behavior |
| | B) | the avoidant mothers of resistant infants are often inconsistent, insensitive, and rejecting |
| | C) | attachment patterns do not vary from culture to culture |
| | D) | early attachment behaviors are not indicative of later social and cognitive development |
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22 | |
Which of the following statements is the least accurate regarding the research on stranger anxiety? |
| | A) | It seems to be common among 8-month-old infants. |
| | B) | Infants show significantly more "wary" behaviors than their mothers do. |
| | C) | It is a developmental milestone that normally occurs in children. |
| | D) | Children tend to react to strangers with acceptance. |
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23 | |
Emotional intelligence includes such abilities as |
| | A) | social gratification |
| | B) | impulse control |
| | C) | excessive stress promotion |
| | D) | sensory deprivation |
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24 | |
Absentee fathers seems to affect |
| | A) | girls more than boys |
| | B) | boys more than girls |
| | C) | girls and boys equally |
| | D) | neither boys or girls |
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25 | |
Current research on the role of the father indicates that |
| | A) | men lack the potential to be as good caretakers of children as women |
| | B) | fathers are more likely than mothers to hold their babies and look at them |
| | C) | fathers smile more at their babies than mothers |
| | D) | babies drink less milk when fathers do the bottle feeding than when mothers do |
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26 | |
Concerning parenting responsibility, which of the following is not a trend that has emerged in the United States over the past thirty years? |
| | A) | More children reside in fatherless settings. |
| | B) | Fathers are taking a more active role in childcare and household tasks since more women work outside the home. |
| | C) | Mothers still provide most of the child care and perform most of the household tasks. |
| | D) | Fathers are likely to be "weekend" parents. |
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27 | |
One of the most consistent findings about a father's absence in the home is |
| | A) | girls from fatherless homes exhibit poorer moral judgment |
| | B) | deterioration of a boy's school performance |
| | C) | deterioration of a daughter's school performance |
| | D) | the older the child is when he or she loses the father, the greater the impairment |
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28 | |
The arrangement in which responsibility for a child's care is dispersed among several people is termed |
| | A) | extended caregiving |
| | B) | communal parenting |
| | C) | multiple parenting |
| | D) | multiple mothering |
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29 | |
Regarding the research on child day-care centers, which statement is most accurate? |
| | A) | Day-care children are very different from their home-raised counterparts in regard to their intellectual, social, and emotional development. |
| | B) | Day-care children appear to be less attached to their mothers than children raised at home. |
| | C) | Most infants with working mothers spend the day in a day-care center. |
| | D) | High-quality day care is an acceptable alternative childcare arrangement. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education