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1 | |
The most accurate statement regarding physical growth is that |
| | A) | children grow in an even, sequential pattern |
| | B) | the only time of fast growth is in the teen years |
| | C) | about twice as much growth occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 as between the ages of 3 and 5 |
| | D) | slender children tend to grow faster than the average, while broadly built children grow more slowly |
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2 | |
Which of the following is not a correct statement concerning children's coordination? |
| | A) | Some 5 percent of youngsters have noticeable difficulties with coordination. |
| | B) | Clumsy boys have just as many friends as their coordinated peers. |
| | C) | Children with coordination problems are at a greater risk for significant social problems. |
| | D) | Motor skills form a large part of a youngster's self-concept. |
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3 | |
In terms of activity performance, which of the following would be an example of a motor-skill developmental delay for a typical 3-year-old? |
| | A) | cannot ride a tricycle |
| | B) | cannot turn pages of a book |
| | C) | cannot use a scissors to cut straight line |
| | D) | cannot copy squares |
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4 | |
At age 5, a child's brain will |
| | A) | weigh 30 percent of an adult's |
| | B) | weigh 60 percent of an adult's |
| | C) | weigh 90 percent of an adult's |
| | D) | weigh 99 percent of an adult's |
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5 | |
In 1993 the majority of deaths (52 percent) for children ages 5-14 were due to |
| | A) | malnutrition |
| | B) | abuse |
| | C) | injuries |
| | D) | suicide |
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6 | |
Wechsler's description of intelligence is |
| | A) | the possession of a fund of knowledge |
| | B) | a capacity for acquiring knowledge and functioning rationally and effectively |
| | C) | a type of metamemory |
| | D) | the retention of what has been experienced |
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7 | |
Who is the psychologist who viewed intelligence as a general ability and devised the first widely used intelligence test? |
| | A) | Charles Spearman |
| | B) | David Wechsler |
| | C) | J. P. Guilford |
| | D) | Alfred Binet |
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8 | |
Spearman advanced an opposing view of intelligence; that is, intelligence is |
| | A) | a single, general intellectual capacity |
| | B) | a general intellectual ability employed for reasoning and problem solving with special factors peculiar to given tasks |
| | C) | identified as 120 distinct factors |
| | D) | seven distinct intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, and two forms of personal intelligence |
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9 | |
Psychologists who view intelligence as a process, as compared to an ability, are not so much interested in ________we know, but in ________ we know. |
| | A) | what; how |
| | B) | why; how |
| | C) | how; what |
| | D) | what; when |
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10 | |
Research done by Sternberg, who has an information-processing view of intelligence (where people can solve problems in everyday life as well as on tests), holds that |
| | A) | some skills are trainable |
| | B) | gifted children can ignore irrelevant information |
| | C) | gifted and nongifted children can improve their performance |
| | D) | all of the above |
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11 | |
Based on data on IQ performance from family resemblance studies, Bouchard and his colleagues found that which correlation was the highest? |
| | A) | between parent and child, same sex |
| | B) | between dizygotic, same sex twins |
| | C) | between monozygotic twins, reared together |
| | D) | between monozygotic twins, reared apart |
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12 | |
A numerical expression of the degree of relationship between two variables (events, conditions) which tells the extent to which two measures tend to go together is called the ________ coefficient. |
| | A) | standard deviation |
| | B) | median deviation |
| | C) | correlation |
| | D) | mean covariance |
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13 | |
Environmentalists, who believe intelligence is learned, contend that studies of adopted children are biased because adoptive agencies traditionally attempt to place these children in an environment that is |
| | A) | economically superior to the one in which they were born |
| | B) | geographically different from the one in which they were born |
| | C) | religiously, ethnically, and racially similar to the one in which they were born |
| | D) | linguistically similar to the one in which they were born |
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14 | |
Sociologist C. Jencks has introduced the third element of gene-environment interaction to the nature-nurture controversy, which is |
| | A) | associated primarily with genetic factors |
| | B) | associated primarily with environmental factors |
| | C) | a result of the combining of genes and environment |
| | D) | a measure of family resemblance |
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15 | |
Piaget said children first develop the capacity to represent the external world internally through symbols during which period? |
| | A) | preoperational |
| | B) | sensorimotor |
| | C) | concrete operational |
| | D) | formal operational |
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16 | |
The concept that the quantity or amount of something stays the same regardless of changes in its shape or position is called |
| | A) | conservation |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | roles |
| | D) | centering |
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17 | |
Recent critiques of Piaget's theory focus on a child's ability to |
| | A) | talk to others |
| | B) | decenter |
| | C) | be sociocentric |
| | D) | be preoperational |
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18 | |
Wellman's research on the theory of mind reveals that 3-year-olds can |
| | A) | predict people's future actions |
| | B) | explain their past actions |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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19 | |
Children around 7 and 8 years old are able distinguish between cause and effect, known as |
| | A) | causality |
| | B) | recall |
| | C) | inherent knowledge |
| | D) | recognition |
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20 | |
Contemporary developmental psychologists (in contrast to Piaget) in measuring children's counting capabilities, would support that |
| | A) | there is no connection between the acquired ability to count and operations the child is capable of |
| | B) | preschoolers seem to have an implicit understanding for number concepts |
| | C) | counting is not an "easy" cognitive task for young children |
| | D) | young children seem to possess some basic knowledge of "quantity" after they acquire such knowledge from their experiences |
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21 | |
When a child understands that words must go in a specific order , then they have grasped |
| | A) | morphology |
| | B) | phonology |
| | C) | syntax |
| | D) | pragmatics |
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22 | |
Chomsky's LAD stands for |
| | A) | language assimilation development |
| | B) | linguistic appropriation device |
| | C) | linguistic accelerated development |
| | D) | language acquisition device |
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23 | |
Vygotsky's concept, known as the zone of proximal development (ZPD) states that |
| | A) | development takes place at the approximate zone of human interaction |
| | B) | children's developmental zone is approximately between the ages of 2 and 7 |
| | C) | tasks that are learned alone are better understood than those learned with others |
| | D) | tasks that are too difficult to master alone are mastered with the help of a skilled partner |
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24 | |
Information from the senses is preserved just long enough to permit the stimuli to be scanned for processing. This provides a relatively complete, literal copy of the physical stimulus and best describes |
| | A) | short-term memory |
| | B) | sensory information storage |
| | C) | long-term memory |
| | D) | rehearsal |
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25 | |
Individual awareness and understanding of one's mental process is ________; whereas understanding one's own memory processes is ________. |
| | A) | short-term memory; long-term memory |
| | B) | metacognition; short-term memory |
| | C) | metamemory; metacognition |
| | D) | metacognition; metamemory |
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26 | |
A memory strategy that helps children organize information for recall and includes rhyming, clustering, and ordering is |
| | A) | rehearsal |
| | B) | categorizing |
| | C) | meta-rehearsal |
| | D) | syntax recall |
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27 | |
Piaget asserts that ________ is the foundation for social interchange in children. |
| | A) | egocentrism |
| | B) | reciprocity |
| | C) | autonomy |
| | D) | morality |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education