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| crude oil | A liquid mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons. (See page(s) 528) |
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| geologic resources | Valuable materials of geologic origin that can be extracted from Earth. (See page(s) 526) |
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| heavy crude | Dense, viscous petroleum that flows slowly or not at all. (See page(s) 530) |
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| natural gas | A gaseous mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons. (See page(s) 528) |
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| nonrenewable resource | A resource that forms at extremely slow rates compared to its rate of consumption. (See page(s) 526) |
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| oil field | An area underlain by one or more oil pools. (See page(s) 529) |
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| oil pool | Underground accumulation of oil. (See page(s) 528) |
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| oil sand | Asphalt-cemented sand deposit. (See page(s) 531) |
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| oil shale | Shale with a high content of organic matter from which oil may be extracted by distillation. (See page(s) 531) |
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| oil trap | A set of conditions that hold petroleum in a reservoir rock and prevent its escape by migration. (See page(s) 528) |
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| open-pit mine | Mine in which ore is exposed at the surface in a large excavation. (See page(s) 539) |
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| ore | Naturally occurring material that can be profitably mined. (See page(s) 536) |
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| petroleum | Crude oil and natural gas. (Some geologists use petroleum as a synonym for oil.) (See page(s) 528) |
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| placer mine | Surface mines in which valuable mineral grains are extracted from stream bar or beach deposits. (See page(s) 539) |
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| reserves | The discovered deposits of a geologic material that are economically and legally feasible to recover under present circumstances. (See page(s) 527) |
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| reservoir rock | A rock that is sufficiently porous and permeable to store and transmit petroleum. (See page(s) 528) |
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| resources | The total amount of a geologic material in all its deposits, discovered and undiscovered (see reserves). (See page(s) 527) |
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| source rock | A rock containing organic matter that is converted to petroleum by burial and other post-depositional changes. (See page(s) 374, 528) |
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| strip mine | A mine in which the valuable material is exposed at the surface by removing a strip of overburden. (See page(s) 534) |