Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
The membrane closest to the brain is the _____. |
| | A) | dura mater |
| | B) | pia mater |
| | C) | arachnoid meninx |
| | D) | denticulate ligament |
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| 2 | |
A cranial dural sinus contains which type of fluid? |
| | A) | arterial blood |
| | B) | mucus |
| | C) | venous blood |
| | D) | pure cerebrospinal fluid |
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| 3 | |
Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _____. |
| | A) | dural sinuses |
| | B) | pia mater |
| | C) | subarachnoid space |
| | D) | epidural space |
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| 4 | |
The _____ extension of the dura mater that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres. |
| | A) | falx cerebelli |
| | B) | falx cerebri |
| | C) | tentorium cerebelli |
| | D) | arachnoid meninx |
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| 5 | |
To minimize trauma, a spinal tap is properly done below the level of _____. |
| | A) | L1 |
| | B) | L2 |
| | C) | S1 |
| | D) | L3 |
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| 6 | |
_____ is an inflammation of the brain coverings. |
| | A) | Encephalitis |
| | B) | Meningitis |
| | C) | Poliomyelitis |
| | D) | Cerebral palsy |
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| 7 | |
The right and left gray matter areas of the spinal cord are connected by the _____. |
| | A) | white commissure |
| | B) | gray commissure |
| | C) | central canal |
| | D) | lateral funiculus |
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| 8 | |
The membrane that supplies most of the blood to the brain is the _____. |
| | A) | dura mater |
| | B) | arachnoid meninx |
| | C) | pia mater |
| | D) | choroid plexus |
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| 9 | |
The _____ is the most inferior area of the spinal cord. |
| | A) | cervical enlargement |
| | B) | conus medullaris |
| | C) | lumbar enlargement |
| | D) | filum terminale |
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| 10 | |
The funiculi all contain _____. |
| | A) | gray synapses |
| | B) | sensory fibers |
| | C) | motor fibers |
| | D) | nerve tracts |
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| 11 | |
The _____ tract is motor in nature. |
| | A) | fasciculus gracilis |
| | B) | spinothalamic |
| | C) | spinocerebellar |
| | D) | corticospinal |
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| 12 | |
At what level do the majority of nerve fibers cross from the right to the left? |
| | A) | T1-T12 |
| | B) | medulla |
| | C) | pons |
| | D) | cervical region of spinal cord |
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| 13 | |
The term, which means crossing over, is _____. |
| | A) | fasciculus |
| | B) | commissure |
| | C) | decussation |
| | D) | degeneration |
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| 14 | |
Lou Gehrig's disease can also be called _____. |
| | A) | cerebral palsy |
| | B) | poliomyelitis |
| | C) | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| | D) | hemiplegia |
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| 15 | |
The main symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome is _____. |
| | A) | flaccid paralysis |
| | B) | spastic paralysis |
| | C) | lower motor neuron involvement |
| | D) | severe pain |
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| 16 | |
The brain contains about how many fibers and neurons? |
| | A) | 600 trillion |
| | B) | 5 million |
| | C) | 100 billion |
| | D) | 6 trillion |
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| 17 | |
Initially, the developing forebrain is called the _____. |
| | A) | prosencephalon |
| | B) | diencephalon |
| | C) | telencephalon |
| | D) | rhombencephalon |
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| 18 | |
The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a large white fiber pathway called the _____. |
| | A) | fornix |
| | B) | insula |
| | C) | circular sulcus |
| | D) | corpus callosum |
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| 19 | |
Broca's motor area is primarily concerned with _____. |
| | A) | vision |
| | B) | speech |
| | C) | hearing |
| | D) | sensory impulses |
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| 20 | |
Broca's area is usually in the _____ area of the _____. |
| | A) | left; prefrontal cortex |
| | B) | right; temporal lobe |
| | C) | left; frontal lobe |
| | D) | right; occipital lobe |
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| 21 | |
Loss of the ability to speak is always related to _____. |
| | A) | apraxia |
| | B) | cerebrovascular accident |
| | C) | concussion |
| | D) | aphasia |
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| 22 | |
The precentral gyrus is involved with _____ activities. |
| | A) | sensory |
| | B) | abstract mental |
| | C) | visual perception |
| | D) | motor |
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| 23 | |
Pyramidal cells are located in the _____ region. |
| | A) | cerebellar |
| | B) | cerebral cortex |
| | C) | corpus callosum |
| | D) | basal ganglia |
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| 24 | |
The junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital association areas is called the _____. |
| | A) | general somesthetic area |
| | B) | general interpretative area |
| | C) | precentral gyrus motor region |
| | D) | motor speech area |
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| 25 | |
Right and left hemisphere memories are connected by the _____. |
| | A) | presence of association fibers |
| | B) | cerebellum |
| | C) | corpus callosum |
| | D) | convolutions |
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| 26 | |
The main difference between a CVA and TIA is that a CVA _____. |
| | A) | is more severe |
| | B) | occurs in a larger area |
| | C) | involves some permanent damage |
| | D) | causes only temporary loss of function |
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| 27 | |
A blow to the skull causes a _____ when the person loses consciousness. |
| | A) | concussion |
| | B) | contusion |
| | C) | CVA |
| | D) | TIA |
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| 28 | |
What is the term for lack of blood flow? |
| | A) | hypoxia |
| | B) | infarction |
| | C) | ischemia |
| | D) | hypoxemia |
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| 29 | |
Short-term memory seems to be processed in the _____ and frontal lobe areas. |
| | A) | hypothalamus |
| | B) | hippocampus |
| | C) | temporal |
| | D) | occipital |
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| 30 | |
The inability to perform a simple task such as picking up a quarter, is related to ______. |
| | A) | cerebral dominance |
| | B) | aphasia |
| | C) | apraxia |
| | D) | lissencephaly |
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| 31 | |
Which of these terms does NOT belong with the others? |
| | A) | sensory |
| | B) | motor |
| | C) | dorsal root |
| | D) | posterior cord |
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| 32 | |
The following are basal nuclei terms except which one? |
| | A) | caudate nucleus |
| | B) | putamen |
| | C) | hippocampus |
| | D) | globus pallidus |
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| 33 | |
What is the most significant neurotransmitter in the basal nuclei? |
| | A) | norepinephrine |
| | B) | epinephrine |
| | C) | acetylcholine |
| | D) | dopamine |
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| 34 | |
The basal nuclei are mainly related to _____ functions. |
| | A) | motor |
| | B) | sensory |
| | C) | mental |
| | D) | autonomic |
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| 35 | |
The interventricular foramen connects the _____. |
| | A) | two lateral ventricles |
| | B) | lateral to fourth ventricle |
| | C) | lateral to third ventricle |
| | D) | third to fourth ventricle |
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| 36 | |
The third ventricle is located around and near the _____. |
| | A) | hippocampus |
| | B) | thalamus |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | midbrain |
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| 37 | |
The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the _____. |
| | A) | lateral ventricle |
| | B) | arachnoid villi |
| | C) | choroid plexus |
| | D) | dural sinus |
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| 38 | |
On the average, nearly _____ ml of CSF are produced daily. |
| | A) | 100 |
| | B) | 500 |
| | C) | 140 |
| | D) | 1,000 |
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| 39 | |
Which of the following is NOT normally a part of cerebrospinal fluid? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | electrolytes |
| | C) | Na+ |
| | D) | erythrocytes |
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| 40 | |
Reabsorption of CSF occurs from the _____ into the dural sinuses. |
| | A) | pia mater |
| | B) | jugular vein |
| | C) | arachnoid granulations |
| | D) | arachnoid mater |
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| 41 | |
The following are true of CSF except which one? |
| | A) | is produced by choroid plexuses |
| | B) | transports glucose and other brain nutrients |
| | C) | flows under high pressure |
| | D) | found in all ventricles |
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| 42 | |
A spinal cord CSF sample is usually taken from the _____. |
| | A) | brain |
| | B) | peripheral nerves |
| | C) | lumbar subarachnoid space |
| | D) | cervical subarachnoid space |
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| 43 | |
The brain stem includes all of the following except the _____. |
| | A) | medulla |
| | B) | pons |
| | C) | midbrain |
| | D) | cerebral cortex |
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| 44 | |
The infundibulum is a narrow part of the _____. |
| | A) | hypothalamus |
| | B) | pituitary |
| | C) | pineal gland |
| | D) | thalamus |
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| 45 | |
Which of the following is an area of decussation? |
| | A) | optic tract |
| | B) | optic chiasma |
| | C) | optic nerve |
| | D) | olfactory tract |
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| 46 | |
Sensory impulses are screened and relayed to higher centers by the _____ region. |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | mammillary body |
| | D) | limbic system |
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| 47 | |
Of the following, the area that has the greatest effect on visceral functions such as heart rate and hormone production is the _____. |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | midbrain |
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| 48 | |
Most integration of the sex and food drive behaviors is accomplished through the _____ areas. |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | hypothalamic nuclei |
| | C) | limbic system |
| | D) | brain stem |
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| 49 | |
The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the _____. |
| | A) | cerebellum |
| | B) | superior colliculus |
| | C) | inferior colliculus |
| | D) | cerebral peduncles |
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| 50 | |
The _____ has the main centers for breathing reflexes. |
| | A) | pons |
| | B) | medulla |
| | C) | cerebrum |
| | D) | hypothalamus |
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| 51 | |
Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center? |
| | A) | thirst center |
| | B) | cardiac |
| | C) | vasomotor |
| | D) | respiratory |
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| 52 | |
The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake. |
| | A) | vasomotor center |
| | B) | corpora quadrigemina |
| | C) | diencephalon |
| | D) | reticular formation |
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| 53 | |
The following are true of the cerebellum except which one? |
| | A) | has lobes connected by the vermis |
| | B) | controls voluntary movements |
| | C) | controls involuntary movements |
| | D) | has the arbor vitae pathways |
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| 54 | |
The cranial nerve directly involved with swallowing is the _____. |
| | A) | XII |
| | B) | IX |
| | C) | spinal accessory |
| | D) | facial |
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| 55 | |
Eye movement is brought about by all of these except _____. |
| | A) | ophthalmic nerve |
| | B) | IV |
| | C) | III |
| | D) | abducens |
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| 56 | |
Tic douloureux is facial pain traveling through the ____ nerve. |
| | A) | facial |
| | B) | hypoglossal |
| | C) | trigeminal |
| | D) | cranial 8th |
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| 57 | |
The longest autonomic nerve is the _____. |
| | A) | phrenic |
| | B) | spinal accessory |
| | C) | vagus |
| | D) | thoracic |
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| 58 | |
The _____ nerve is a branch of the VIII cranial nerve. |
| | A) | ophthalmic |
| | B) | mandibular |
| | C) | maxillary |
| | D) | cochlear |
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| 59 | |
An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is a _____. |
| | A) | dermatome |
| | B) | ventral root |
| | C) | dermal receptor |
| | D) | dorsal root |
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| 60 | |
The following are plexus names except which one? |
| | A) | cervical |
| | B) | thoracic |
| | C) | lumbar |
| | D) | brachial |
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| 61 | |
The phrenic nerve arises from the _____ plexus. |
| | A) | cervical |
| | B) | brachial |
| | C) | lumbar |
| | D) | thoracic |
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| 62 | |
The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _____. |
| | A) | femoral |
| | B) | sciatic |
| | C) | phrenic |
| | D) | vagus |
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| 63 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | sympathetic |
| | B) | parasympathetic |
| | C) | chain ganglia |
| | D) | paravertebral ganglia |
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| 64 | |
Sympathetic nerves arise from _____ and _____ regions. |
| | A) | cervical; lumbar |
| | B) | cranial; sacral |
| | C) | cranial; thoracic |
| | D) | thoracic; lumbar |
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| 65 | |
Norepinephrine is released from _____ nerves. |
| | A) | all autonomic |
| | B) | all parasympathetic |
| | C) | sympathetic preganglionic |
| | D) | sympathetic postganglionic |
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| 66 | |
The following could occur together effectively except which? |
| | A) | increase heart rate |
| | B) | sweating |
| | C) | digestion |
| | D) | pupil dilation |
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| 67 | |
In which portion of the spinal cord do the interneurons lie? |
| | A) | cervical enlargement |
| | B) | lumbar enlargement |
| | C) | gray matter |
| | D) | white matter |
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| 68 | |
Which tract would be most likely to carry sensory impulses from the skin and joints to the brain? |
| | A) | fasciculus gracilis |
| | B) | corticospinal tracts |
| | C) | reticulospinal tracts |
| | D) | rubrospinal tracts |
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| 69 | |
The following statements all regard reflexes. Choose the statement that is incorrect. |
| | A) | Reflexes are automatic, subconscious responses. |
| | B) | Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord. |
| | C) | The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex. |
| | D) | Sometimes reflexes are carried out properly because of reciprocal innervation. |
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| 70 | |
The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brain? |
| | A) | cerebrum and basal ganglia |
| | B) | diencephalon |
| | C) | midbrain |
| | D) | cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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| 71 | |
When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of the cerebrum is involved? |
| | A) | frontal lobe |
| | B) | parietal lobe |
| | C) | occipital lobe |
| | D) | temporal lobe |
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| 72 | |
The _________________ is a portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous systems together. |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | infundibulum |
| | D) | mammillary body |
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| 73 | |
What kind of peripheral nerve fiber carries motor impulses outward to smooth muscles and glands of internal organs? |
| | A) | general somatic efferent fibers |
| | B) | general visceral efferent fibers |
| | C) | general somatic afferent fibers |
| | D) | general visceral afferent fibers |
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| 74 | |
The smallest pair of cranial nerves that arise from the midbrain and carry motor impulses to the superior oblique muscles of the eye are the ______________ nerves. |
| | A) | trochlear |
| | B) | abducens |
| | C) | facial |
| | D) | optic |
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| 75 | |
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by each of these except which one? |
| | A) | Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. |
| | B) | Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs. |
| | C) | Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers are not. |
| | D) | Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine. |
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| 76 | |
Partial or complete inability to coordinate voluntary movements is also referred to as ___________. |
| | A) | aphasia |
| | B) | ataxia |
| | C) | apraxia |
| | D) | neuralgia |
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| 77 | |
Which structures would NOT be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system? |
| | A) | skeletal muscle |
| | B) | glands |
| | C) | smooth muscle |
| | D) | cardiac muscle |
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| 78 | |
The connective tissue closest to the single neuron is the _____________. |
| | A) | myelin sheath |
| | B) | perineurium |
| | C) | epineurium |
| | D) | endoneurium |
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| 79 | |
The cell body of all somatic sensory neurons is located within the___________ . |
| | A) | brain |
| | B) | spinal cord |
| | C) | dorsal root ganglion |
| | D) | dorsal gray horn |
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| 80 | |
Which term should be last in this reflex sequence? |
| | A) | sensory neuron |
| | B) | motor neuron |
| | C) | effector |
| | D) | receptor |
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| 81 | |
Parkinson disease tremors are the result of which condition? |
| | A) | dopamine excess |
| | B) | norepinephrine deficiency |
| | C) | epinephrine excess |
| | D) | dopamine deficiency |
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| 82 | |
The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the _____. |
| | A) | interventricular foramen |
| | B) | cerebral aqueduct |
| | C) | foramen of Monro |
| | D) | hypothalamus |
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| 83 | |
Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area? |
| | A) | cerebellum |
| | B) | pons |
| | C) | hypothalamus |
| | D) | midbrain |
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| 84 | |
Which brain area acts to regulate body temperature? |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | cerebrum |
| | C) | hypothalamus |
| | D) | cerebellum |
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| 85 | |
Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data except for smell? |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | medulla |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | thalamus |
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| 86 | |
Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area? |
| | A) | limbic system |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | cerebrum |
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| 87 | |
The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _____. |
| | A) | longitudinal fissure |
| | B) | cortex |
| | C) | corpus callosum |
| | D) | brain stem |
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