Please answer all questions.

1			Sounds are detected by _____- receptors.
			A)	chemo
			B)	thermo
			C)	mechano
			D)	photo
2			A nociceptor is a type of _____ receptor.
			A)	mechano
			B)	photo
			C)	chemo
			D)	pain
3			Pressoreceptors respond to changes in stimuli such as _____.
			A)	pressure around the arms
			B)	pressure within a vessel
			C)	intensity of light variations
			D)	increases in sound levels
4			Sensory adaptation occurs when stimuli become _____.
			A)	gradually ignored
			B)	increased in intensity
			C)	lessened in intensity
			D)	forgotten
5			Stimulation of a _____usually results in pain.
			A)	Meissner corpuscle
			B)	Pacinian Corpuscle
			C)	visceroceptor
			D)	free nerve ending
6			Light skin touch is sensed by _____ receptors.
			A)	Pacinian
			B)	Meissner
			C)	free nerve endings
			D)	nociceptor
7			At a temperature of 50 degrees C, the most likely perception of a skin sensation is one of _____.
			A)	cold
			B)	heat
			C)	pain
			D)	freezing
8			The following are usual causes of pain except which one.
			A)	kinins
			B)	hypoxia
			C)	ischemia
			D)	polypeptides
9			Of the following, which can least likely undergo adaptation?
			A)	thermoreceptors
			B)	mechanoreceptors
			C)	photoreceptors
			D)	pain receptors
10			Which of the following is NOT likely to cause a headache.
			A)	school stress
			B)	high blood pressure
			C)	a full stomach
			D)	food flavorings such as MSG
11			Pain in the left arm caused by lack of blood to the heart is a type of _____ pain.
			A)	imaginary
			B)	psychological
			C)	referred
			D)	generalized
12			The best explanation for referred pain is that the nerves that are responsible are _____.
			A)	shared between visceral and somatic pathways
			B)	somehow confused within the brain
			C)	over-stimulated
			D)	under-stimulated
13			Pain originating in the parietal pericardium is _____ by the brain.
			A)	ignored
			B)	referred
			C)	usually intensified
			D)	felt directly
14			Which does NOT belong with the other items?
			A)	chronic pain
			B)	acute pain
			C)	A fibers
			D)	spinothalamic tract
15			An analgesic is a drug which usually _____ pain impulses.
			A)	increases
			B)	decreases
			C)	has no effect on
			D)	decreases the threshold for
16			The _____of the brain seems to give one a crude awareness of pain.
			A)	cerebral cortex
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	thalamus
			D)	hippocampus
17			Which of the following cannot block pain in the brain?
			A)	endorphin
			B)	enkephalin
			C)	acetylcholine
			D)	serotonin
18			The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.
			A)	spindles
			B)	Golgi organs
			C)	Golgi bodies
			D)	free nerve endings
19			A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.
			A)	muscle spindle
			B)	muscle fiber
			C)	Golgi tendon organ
			D)	motor unit
20			The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.
			A)	olfactory lobes
			B)	olfactory mucous membrane cells
			C)	cilia on olfactory cells
			D)	olfactory organs
21			The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.
			A)	sensory
			B)	multipolar
			C)	association
			D)	bipolar
22			Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of a pizza?
			A)	olfactory bulb
			B)	olfactory lobe
			C)	olfactory cortex
			D)	olfactory tracts
23			Which sense is most likely to adapt rapidly?
			A)	taste
			B)	smell
			C)	hearing
			D)	vision
24			A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.
			A)	none
			B)	50%
			C)	1%
			D)	5%
25			The visible elevations on the tongue, that contain the receptors for taste are the _____.
			A)	taste buds
			B)	taste pores
			C)	papillae
			D)	gustatory cells
26			Which of the following could be detected on the back of the tongue?
			A)	sweet
			B)	sour
			C)	salty
			D)	bitter
27			Which of these does NOT belong with the rest?
			A)	strychnine
			B)	nicotine
			C)	alkaline
			D)	alkaloid
28			The nerves, which convey taste sensations, are the following except which one?
			A)	VII
			B)	VIII
			C)	IX
			D)	vagus
29			The gustatory cortex is located within the _____lobe.
			A)	temporal
			B)	parietal
			C)	occipital
			D)	frontal
30			Which of these does not belong with the others?
			A)	pinna
			B)	external ear
			C)	ceruminous glands
			D)	malleus
31			The purpose of the auricle is to _____sound waves.
			A)	dampen
			B)	increase the intensity of
			C)	act as a collector of
			D)	vibrate in response to
32			The first structure to vibrate in response to sounds is _____.
			A)	auricle
			B)	malleus
			C)	organ of Corti
			D)	tympanic membrane
33			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	incus
			B)	tympanic cavity
			C)	middle ear
			D)	cochlear duct
34			The purpose of the ossicles is to _____ the incoming vibrations.
			A)	lessen the intensity of
			B)	increase the force of
			C)	change the wavelength of
			D)	move with
35			The stapes sends its vibrations to the _____.
			A)	incus
			B)	tympanic membrane
			C)	oval window
			D)	round window
36			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	tympanic reflex
			B)	stapedius
			C)	increase sound
			D)	decrease sound
37			The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and _____.
			A)	throat
			B)	inner ear
			C)	outer ear
			D)	cochlea
38			The term labyrinth refers to the appearance of the _____.
			A)	outer ear
			B)	inner ear
			C)	middle ear
			D)	vestibule
39			The membranous labyrinth contains _____fluid.
			A)	cerebrospinal
			B)	plasma
			C)	endolymph
			D)	perilymph
40			The portion of the inner ear, which detects sounds, is the _____.
			A)	semicircular canals
			B)	osseous labyrinth
			C)	vestibule
			D)	cochlea
41			Reissner's membrane separates the cochlear duct from the _____.
			A)	round window
			B)	scala vestibuli
			C)	scala tympani
			D)	basilar membrane
42			Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.
			A)	round window
			B)	scala tympani
			C)	oval window
			D)	cochlear duct
43			The cells that convert vibrations into neurological impulses are the _____ cells.
			A)	hair
			B)	otolith
			C)	basilar membrane
			D)	crista acoustica
44			The connection between the cochlear hair cells and the VIII cranial nerve are made by _____.
			A)	direct contact
			B)	release of neurotransmitter
			C)	the axons in contact
			D)	the dendrites in contact
45			The intensity of sounds is measured in units of _____.
			A)	mv
			B)	amperes
			C)	daltons
			D)	dB
46			The auditory perception center is located within the _____.
			A)	medial geniculate body of thalamus
			B)	midbrain
			C)	temporal lobe
			D)	medulla oblongata
47			Which type of deafness can be treated by a cochlear implant?
			A)	presbycusis
			B)	conductive
			C)	sensorineural
			D)	otosclerosis
48			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	dynamic equilibrium
			B)	vestibule
			C)	static equilibrium
			D)	utricle
49			The maculae can be found in the _____.
			A)	cochlear duct
			B)	saccule
			C)	semicircular canals
			D)	semicircular ducts
50			Stimulation of the crista ampullaris results in _____.
			A)	deafness
			B)	loud sounds
			C)	feeling of motion
			D)	a sense of body position
51			The term for eyelid is _____.
			A)	conjunctiva
			B)	sclera
			C)	levator palpebrae
			D)	palpebra
52			Tears drain into the openings of the _____.
			A)	puncta
			B)	lacrimal sac
			C)	canaliculi
			D)	nasolacrimal duct
53			Movement of the eyeball is effected by muscles innervated mainly by the _____nerve.
			A)	VI
			B)	IV
			C)	oculomotor
			D)	vagus
54			The outer covering of the eye is called the _____.
			A)	vascular tunic
			B)	conjunctiva
			C)	sclera
			D)	choroid layer
55			The suspensory ligaments attach to the _____.
			A)	lens
			B)	sclera
			C)	canal of Schlemm
			D)	iris
56			The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called _____.
			A)	adaptation
			B)	accommodation
			C)	amblyopia
			D)	cataracts
57			An increase in aqueous fluid pressure is a symptom of _____.
			A)	cataract
			B)	migraine
			C)	glaucoma
			D)	hyperopia
58			Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?
			A)	rods
			B)	bipolar neurons
			C)	cones
			D)	ganglion cells
59			The point of sharpest retinal vision is called the _____.
			A)	fovea centralis
			B)	macula lutea
			C)	vitreous body
			D)	optic disk
60			Which of the following is decomposed under light?
			A)	vitamin A
			B)	retinene
			C)	rhodopsin
			D)	iodopsin
61			A sensory receptor capable of detecting changes in hydrogen ion concentration is more accurately described as a ______________.
			A)	thermoreceptor
			B)	pain receptor
			C)	mechanoreceptor
			D)	chemoreceptor
62			Heavy pressure and vibrations stimulate ________________.
			A)	proprioceptors
			B)	baroreceptors
			C)	Meissner's corpuscles
			D)	Pacinian corpuscles
63			Choose the statement about the sense of pain that is correct.
			A)	Pain receptors are among many types of receptors in the viscera that produce sensations.
			B)	A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs.
			C)	Acute pain fibers are never myelinated.
			D)	Chronic pain fibers stop sending signals as soon as the stimulus ceases.
64			What type of somatic receptor lies within tendons close to the point of attachment to muscles and is stimulated by increased muscular tension?
			A)	Golgi tendon organ
			B)	muscle spindle
			C)	free nerve ending
			D)	Meissners corpuscle
65			The portion(s) of the tongue that actually perceives taste is/are the _____________.
			A)	taste hairs
			B)	papillae
			C)	epithelium of tongue
			D)	taste buds
66			How do the senses of smell and taste differ?
			A)	They differ in the types of receptors they employ.
			B)	They differ in the reproductive rate of the receptors.
			C)	They differ in their rate of sensory adaptation.
			D)	They do not both employ cilia or hair-like extension of their receptor cells.
67			Why do odors sometimes alter our moods?
			A)	Because sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system.
			B)	Because odors act as neurotransmitters and alter brain chemistry.
			C)	Because odors are satisfying to our sense of hunger.
			D)	Odors do not alter mood.
68			The chamber that actually houses the hearing receptors is the __________________.
			A)	vestibule
			B)	semicircular canal
			C)	scala tympani
			D)	cochlear duct
69			After the inner ear has detected vibrations caused by sound, how is the energy dissipated?
			A)	perilymph inside the scala tympani absorbs the sound wave energy
			B)	endolymph inside the cochlear duct absorbs sound wave energy
			C)	air inside the middle ear dissipates the forces caused by vibrations.
			D)	perilymph inside the scala vestibuli absorbs sound wave energy
70			The organs of static equilibrium are located within the ______________ and employ shifting ___________ to set up nerve impulses.
			A)	semicircular canals; gelatinous material
			B)	vestibule; otoliths
			C)	cochlea; fluid
			D)	vestibule; crista ampullaris
71			The inner surface of the eyelids are lined with ______________.
			A)	conjunctiva
			B)	extrinsic eye muscles
			C)	dense connective tissue
			D)	lacrimal apparatus
72			The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the _______________.
			A)	sclera
			B)	aqueous humor
			C)	fovea centralis
			D)	optic disc
73			Objects are perceived by photoreceptors because the rods or cones _______________ as their _________________ in the presence of light.
			A)	depolarize; pigments are manufactured
			B)	hyperpolarize; pigments decompose
			C)	repolarize; pigments remain unchanged
			D)	depolarize; pigments decompose
74			The ability to sense body position is related to _____ receptors.
			A)	general
			B)	pain
			C)	pressure
			D)	proprioceptors
75			Which muscle moves the eye toward the midline?
			A)	superior oblique
			B)	inferior oblique
			C)	medial rectus
			D)	lateral rectus
76			Which of these is the last in the tear flow sequence?
			A)	lacrimal duct
			B)	nasolacrimal duct
			C)	lacrimal gland
			D)	lacrimal sac
77			The actual receptors for hearing and balance are _______.
			A)	chemoreceptors
			B)	otoliths
			C)	cochlear cells
			D)	hair cells
78			The auditory canal is part of the _____.
			A)	inner ear
			B)	middle ear
			C)	outer ear
			D)	pinna
79			Which is the last structure to vibrate in this sequence?
			A)	malleus
			B)	oval window
			C)	stapes
			D)	incus