Please answer all questions.

1			Which of the following contain lymph fluid?
			A)	systemic capillaries
			B)	pulmonary capillaries
			C)	lacteals
			D)	interstitial fluid
2			The _____ vessel drains the arm.
			A)	intercostal trunk
			B)	bronchomediastinal
			C)	subclavian trunk
			D)	jugular trunk
3			The lymphatic ducts will empty directly into the _____.
			A)	heart
			B)	subclavian veins
			C)	thoracic veins
			D)	brachiocephalic veins
4			What is one major force that causes interstitial fluid to enter lymphatic capillaries?
			A)	blood osmotic pressure
			B)	blood hydrostatic pressure
			C)	tissue osmotic pressure
			D)	tissue hydrostatic pressure
5			The main activity that causes fluid to flow through lymphatic vessels is _____.
			A)	muscle contraction
			B)	hydrostatic pressure
			C)	osmotic pressure
			D)	blood pressure
6			What would happen if the pectoral lymph nodes were removed during a surgical procedure?
			A)	cancer would develop in the area
			B)	infections would spread
			C)	the area would dehydrate
			D)	edema would develop distally
7			What is the main cause of edema following damage to an area of lymphatic vessels?
			A)	increase in tissue proteins
			B)	loss of tissue proteins
			C)	increase in blood osmotic pressure
			D)	increase in tissue osmotic pressure
8			Inflammation of a lymph node is called _____.
			A)	lymphangitis
			B)	tonsillitis
			C)	lymphadenitis
			D)	lymphedema
9			An efferent lymphatic vessel is carrying fluid _____.
			A)	away from the heart
			B)	towards the lymph node
			C)	out of an area
			D)	away from a node
10			Which of the following lymphatic areas are totally encapsulated with fibrous tissue?
			A)	palatine tonsil
			B)	Peyer's patches
			C)	cervical node
			D)	pharyngeal tonsil
11			Which of the following is NOT an area that contains lymph nodes?
			A)	abdominal cavity
			B)	cranial cavity
			C)	thoracic cavity
			D)	axillary region
12			Which of these nodes cannot be directly palpated?
			A)	inguinal
			B)	axillary
			C)	cubital
			D)	mesenteric
13			The breast tissue fluid will drain into the _____ nodes.
			A)	inguinal
			B)	pelvic
			C)	axillary
			D)	cervical
14			What is the largest lymphatic organ in a child?
			A)	spleen
			B)	adenoids
			C)	thymus
			D)	appendix
15			Where is the thymus gland located?
			A)	mediastinum
			B)	pleural cavity
			C)	abdominal cavity
			D)	superior to the pelvic nodes
16			The cells within the thymus gland probably originated from the _____.
			A)	spleen
			B)	liver
			C)	bone marrow
			D)	Peyer's patches
17			The red pulp of the spleen functions to _____.
			A)	produce erythrocytes
			B)	produce lymphocytes
			C)	phagocytize senescent cells
			D)	produce B-cells
18			The white pulp of the spleen functions to _____.
			A)	produce lymphocytes
			B)	remove foreign particles
			C)	store blood
			D)	phagocytize bacteria
19			An infection results when pathogens _____.
			A)	enter a tissue area
			B)	enter the blood
			C)	grow and multiply
			D)	grow and cause damage
20			The fact that humans usually cannot contract a monkey pneumonia is explained by the theory of _____.
			A)	mechanical barriers
			B)	enzyme action
			C)	interferon
			D)	species resistance
21			A nonspecific class of chemicals that can inhibit viruses and cancer cell growth is _____.
			A)	antibodies
			B)	peptides
			C)	interferon
			D)	antigens
22			Which of the following is NOT an enzyme capable of destroying foreign bacteria?
			A)	pepsin
			B)	fibrin
			C)	lysozyme
			D)	lipase
23			The following are symptoms of inflammation except which one?
			A)	edema
			B)	hyperemia
			C)	exudate
			D)	dehydration
24			Which inflammatory response provides the greatest protection from the spread of pathogens?
			A)	antibody production
			B)	increase in leukocytes
			C)	fibroblast activity
			D)	redness and edema
25			The major pathologic feature of inflammation is _____.
			A)	fibroblast activity
			B)	capillary permeability
			C)	increase in blood
			D)	loss of function
26			What is the main inflammatory blood cell?
			A)	monocyte
			B)	neutrophil
			C)	lymphocyte
			D)	eosinophil
27			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	monocytes
			B)	neutrophils
			C)	macrophage
			D)	histiocytes
28			Which of the following is a specific immune defense?
			A)	antibody
			B)	interferon
			C)	phagocytosis
			D)	all of these
29			Thymus derived lymphocytes comprise about _____% of the circulating lymphocytes.
			A)	99
			B)	10
			C)	50
			D)	75
30			Where are the greatest number of B cells found?
			A)	lymph node
			B)	circulating blood
			C)	bone marrow
			D)	lymph vessel
31			Antigens are foreign substances recognized by _____.
			A)	macrophages
			B)	T cells
			C)	B cells
			D)	all of these
32			Which of the following could NOT be antigenic by themselves?
			A)	protein
			B)	polysaccharides
			C)	haptens
			D)	glycolipids
33			Cell-mediated immunity is mainly a function of _____.
			A)	B cells
			B)	T cells
			C)	macrophages
			D)	neutrophils
34			Which of the following activates the cytotoxic T cells?
			A)	interferon
			B)	interleukin-1
			C)	interleukin-2
			D)	interleukin-4
35			Which factor stimulates B cell proliferation?
			A)	interleukin-1
			B)	interleukin-2
			C)	gamma-interferon
			D)	CSF
36			Which factor activates phagocytosis by monocytes?
			A)	cytokine
			B)	gamma-interferon
			C)	interleukin-4
			D)	lymphokine
37			T cells may produce _____, which is lethal to the target cells invaded by a pathogen.
			A)	interleukin-2
			B)	perforin
			C)	interferon
			D)	interleukin-3
38			Humoral immunity is mediated by the _____.
			A)	monocytes
			B)	T cells
			C)	B cells
			D)	neutrophils
39			The specific source of antibodies is the _____.
			A)	B cell
			B)	T cell
			C)	macrophage
			D)	plasma cell
40			Agammaglobinemia will seriously impair which ability?
			A)	CMI
			B)	T cell functions
			C)	antibody production
			D)	phagocytosis
41			The heavy chains of an immunoglobulin differ by having _____.
			A)	fewer lipids
			B)	more amino acids
			C)	more antigen sites
			D)	more sulfur atoms
42			Most of the circulating antibodies are derived from _____ class immunoglobulin.
			A)	A
			B)	E
			C)	G
			D)	D
43			The cross reaction that occurs between incompatible blood types is caused by _____ antibodies.
			A)	G
			B)	M
			C)	A
			D)	E
44			Which is the most common immunoglobulin for allergies?
			A)	IgA
			B)	IgE
			C)	IgD
			D)	IgG
45			Erythrocytes clump together because of a _____ process.
			A)	clotting
			B)	agglutination
			C)	complement
			D)	precipitin
46			Which of the following processes can be initiated by any type of antibody fixation?
			A)	complement
			B)	neutralization
			C)	lysis phenomena
			D)	antibodies
47			The process which increases the chance of a neutrophil or monocyte engulfing an invader is _____.
			A)	phagocytosis
			B)	neutralization
			C)	complement fixation
			D)	opsonization
48			Tumors are most likely inactivated by _____ cells.
			A)	B
			B)	helper T
			C)	cytotoxic T
			D)	suppressor T
49			The increase in antibody levels in a second antigen exposure is due to the _____.
			A)	memory B cell
			B)	T cells
			C)	helper T cells
			D)	B clones
50			A vaccination is an example of _____ immunity.
			A)	naturally acquired active
			B)	artificially acquired active
			C)	artificially acquired passive
			D)	naturally acquired passive
51			Artificially acquired passive immunity could be the result of _____ injection.
			A)	antigen
			B)	toxoid
			C)	gamma globulin
			D)	cortisone
52			Naturally acquired passive immunity results from _____.
			A)	a bee sting
			B)	immunization
			C)	a flu shot
			D)	placental transfer
53			AIDS is caused by viruses that specifically invade _____.
			A)	the liver
			B)	B cells
			C)	T cells
			D)	neutrophils
54			Purified protein derivative is used to screen for _____.
			A)	AIDS
			B)	leukemia
			C)	tuberculosis
			D)	syphilis
55			Which of the following cause the symptoms of an immediate allergy reaction?
			A)	B cells
			B)	T cells
			C)	mast cells
			D)	neutrophils
56			Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland?
			A)	Graves disease
			B)	SLE
			C)	scleroderma
			D)	rheumatoid arthritis
57			The walls of lymphatic vessels are similar to those of cardiovascular _____________.
			A)	arteries
			B)	veins
			C)	capillaries
			D)	distributing arteries
58			The lymphatic trunk that drains the upper limb is the _______________.
			A)	bronchomediastinal trunk
			B)	intestinal trunk
			C)	subclavian trunk
			D)	jugular trunk
59			Lymphatic capillaries are able to receive cellular debris and foreign particles because ________________.
			A)	of the structure of their flaplike valves
			B)	the fluid pressure is so great it forces this material into the capillaries
			C)	lymphatic and cardiovascular capillaries are designed to receive this material
			D)	of amoeboid motion of the foreign particles
60			Which of these is NOT a function of lymph nodes?
			A)	house lymphocytes and macrophages
			B)	filter lymph
			C)	produce red blood cells
			D)	produce lymphocytes
61			What is the role of the thymus in protecting the body against disease?
			A)	It houses decaying lymphocytes, recycling the nutrients within them.
			B)	It is the site of maturation of T lymphocytes and the production of thymosin.
			C)	It is the site of production and maturation of B lymphocytes.
			D)	Macrophages and monocytes are produced here and migrate to other tissues of the body.
62			Select the statement that is true about the spleen.
			A)	The spleen filters the lymph much the same way the lymph nodes filter the blood.
			B)	The spleen harbors eosinophils waiting for parasites to attack the body.
			C)	The spleen is the major site of red and white blood cell production in the adult.
			D)	The spleen filters the blood much the same way the lymph nodes filter the lymph.
63			Which of these is NOT a nonspecific defense against disease.
			A)	species resistance
			B)	phagocytosis
			C)	interferon
			D)	hair color and texture
64			Where are B lymphocytes believed to mature in adult humans?
			A)	Bursa of Fabricus
			B)	bone marrow
			C)	compact bone
			D)	liver
65			What traits characterize antigens?
			A)	Antigens may be proteins, polysaccharides, glycolipids, or glycoproteins that stimulate an immune response.
			B)	Antigens come only from foreign microorganisms.
			C)	Antigens are immunoglobulins the body produces in response to exposure to foreign organisms.
			D)	Antigens are proteins that stimulate an immune response.
66			Which of the following molecules is NOT generally produced by T cells and macrophages?
			A)	growth-inhibiting factors
			B)	cytokines
			C)	colony-stimulating factors
			D)	tissue thromboplastin
67			How are B cells activated?
			A)	B cell is activated when it encounters an antigen that matches its B cell receptors and receives cytokines from helper T cells.
			B)	B cells are activated when they encounter their twin T cell component.
			C)	B cells are activated when red blood cells release cytokines.
			D)	B cells are activated when their matching antibodies attach to their surfaces and macrophages release cytokines.
68			Which type of immunoglobulin molecule is passed on to nursing infants in breast milk?
			A)	IgG
			B)	IgM
			C)	IgA
			D)	IgE
69			Antibodies interact with antigens in all of these ways except _______________.
			A)	opsonization
			B)	attracting macrophages to the area (chemotaxis)
			C)	releasing interferon
			D)	agglutination
70			Vaccines generally confer what type of immunity?
			A)	artificially acquired passive immunity
			B)	artificially acquired active immunity
			C)	naturally acquired passive immunity
			D)	naturally acquired active immunity
71			Which of these would NOT be found in lymph fluid?
			A)	proteins
			B)	sodium ions
			C)	neutrophils
			D)	erythrocytes
72			The thoracic duct empties directly into the _____ vein.
			A)	right subclavian
			B)	left subclavian
			C)	right axillary
			D)	brachiocephalic
73			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	thymus
			B)	lymph node
			C)	sinus
			D)	nodule
74			Where would Peyer's patches be found?
			A)	colon
			B)	small intestine
			C)	liver
			D)	throat
75			Which lymph nodes could NOT be palpated with the fingers?
			A)	axillary
			B)	inguinal
			C)	cervical
			D)	mesenteric
76			Which is NOT a property of the red pulp within the spleen?
			A)	produces lymphocytes
			B)	has erythrocytes
			C)	has macrophages
			D)	produces erythrocytes