Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
An electrically charged small negative particle which encircles a nucleus is the _____. |
| | A) | proton |
| | B) | neutron |
| | C) | electron |
| | D) | positron |
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| 2 | |
The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge. |
| | A) | unstable |
| | B) | positive |
| | C) | negative |
| | D) | neutral |
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| 3 | |
What is the charge of an elemental atom? |
| | A) | negative |
| | B) | positive |
| | C) | neutral |
| | D) | constantly changing |
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| 4 | |
Which of these has the highest atomic weight? |
| | A) | magnesium |
| | B) | fluorine |
| | C) | lithium |
| | D) | sodium |
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| 5 | |
Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____. |
| | A) | elements |
| | B) | isotopes |
| | C) | molecules |
| | D) | radioactive |
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| 6 | |
What does a radioactive element do? |
| | A) | lose neutrons |
| | B) | lose protons |
| | C) | undergoes nuclear disintegration |
| | D) | change their electron shells |
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| 7 | |
When atoms react chemically they gain, lose, or share _____. |
| | A) | protons |
| | B) | electrons |
| | C) | neutrons |
| | D) | atomic weights |
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| 8 | |
Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____. |
| | A) | gamma ray |
| | B) | electron |
| | C) | beta particle |
| | D) | alpha particle |
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| 9 | |
Which of these can be used to detect heart disease? |
| | A) | iodine-131 |
| | B) | gallium-67 |
| | C) | thallium-201 |
| | D) | cobalt-60 |
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| 10 | |
Why is iodine-131 used to assess thyroid function? |
| | A) | it has a short half-life |
| | B) | it becomes absorbed into tissues |
| | C) | it is radioactive |
| | D) | the thyroid gland uses iodine |
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| 11 | |
The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 4 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 8 |
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| 12 | |
The only elements that have eight electrons in their outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____. |
| | A) | metals |
| | B) | non-metals |
| | C) | gases |
| | D) | noble gases |
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| 13 | |
Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions. |
| | A) | become radioactive |
| | B) | chemically react |
| | C) | disintegrate |
| | D) | undergo nuclear decay |
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| 14 | |
What happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron? |
| | A) | it becomes a negative ion |
| | B) | it becomes radioactive |
| | C) | it becomes a positive ion |
| | D) | nothing |
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| 15 | |
In table salt, _____ bonds hold the ions together. |
| | A) | electrovalent |
| | B) | electrostatic |
| | C) | covalent |
| | D) | hydrogen |
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| 16 | |
What causes HCl to become an acid? |
| | A) | the ionic forces |
| | B) | covalent exchanges with water |
| | C) | the release of H+ |
| | D) | the presence of H+ |
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| 17 | |
A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms ______ electrons. |
| | A) | lose |
| | B) | share |
| | C) | gain |
| | D) | keep their |
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| 18 | |
Carbon atoms tend to form _____. |
| | A) | covalent bonds |
| | B) | cations |
| | C) | anions |
| | D) | ionic bonds |
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| 19 | |
Buildings that contain radon in their structures can cause illness because radon will _____. |
| | A) | chemically react with human tissues |
| | B) | produce ionizing radiation |
| | C) | be absorbed into the blood |
| | D) | disintegrate |
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| 20 | |
When atoms of different elements combine they form _____. |
| | A) | gases |
| | B) | compounds |
| | C) | molecules |
| | D) | ionic bonds |
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| 21 | |
The _____ is the smallest particle of an element, which has the properties of the element. |
| | A) | atom |
| | B) | electron |
| | C) | ion |
| | D) | molecule |
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| 22 | |
_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule. |
| | A) | Empirical |
| | B) | Structural |
| | C) | Molecular |
| | D) | Nuclear |
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| 23 | |
Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction. |
| | A) | synthesis |
| | B) | ionic |
| | C) | nuclear |
| | D) | exchange |
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| 24 | |
What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed? |
| | A) | reactant |
| | B) | product |
| | C) | catalyst |
| | D) | electrolyte |
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| 25 | |
Sodium chloride is an example of a/an _____. |
| | A) | base |
| | B) | acid |
| | C) | electrolyte |
| | D) | ion |
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| 26 | |
The following are all electrolytes except which one? |
| | A) | NaOH |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | Carbonic acid |
| | D) | aluminum chloride |
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| 27 | |
A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____. |
| | A) | acidic |
| | B) | neutral |
| | C) | basic |
| | D) | normal |
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| 28 | |
What is the most abundant compound in the human body? |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon |
| | D) | protein |
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| 29 | |
What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen? |
| | A) | transports heat |
| | B) | acts as a solvent |
| | C) | results in energy |
| | D) | it is exchanged for carbon dioxide |
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| 30 | |
Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures? |
| | A) | magnesium |
| | B) | K+ |
| | C) | bicarbonate |
| | D) | phosphate |
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| 31 | |
The following are monosaccharides except which one? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | sucrose |
| | C) | fructose |
| | D) | galactose |
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| 32 | |
Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar. |
| | A) | monosaccharide |
| | B) | disaccharide |
| | C) | polysaccharide |
| | D) | milk sugar |
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| 33 | |
Lipids include the following except which one? |
| | A) | fats |
| | B) | oils |
| | C) | steroids |
| | D) | lactose |
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| 34 | |
If a triglyceride were digested it would break down into glycerol and _____. |
| | A) | fatty acids |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | a saccharide |
| | D) | a lipid |
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| 35 | |
Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain ____. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | no double bonds |
| | C) | many hydrogen atoms |
| | D) | relatively few hydrogen atoms |
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| 36 | |
The following are steroids except which one? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | estrogens |
| | C) | testosterone |
| | D) | phospholipid |
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| 37 | |
Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one? |
| | A) | hormone structures |
| | B) | energy production |
| | C) | cell structures |
| | D) | antibodies |
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| 38 | |
All nucleic acids must contain which of the following? |
| | A) | phosphate group |
| | B) | amino acids |
| | C) | ribose |
| | D) | deoxyribose |
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| 39 | |
The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____. |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | ATP |
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| 40 | |
An electrically neutral atom bears what trait? |
| | A) | It contains protons in its nucleus. |
| | B) | It contains the same number of protons and neutrons. |
| | C) | It contains the same number of electrons and protons. |
| | D) | It contains electrons in its electron shells. |
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| 41 | |
Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain. |
| | A) | protons |
| | B) | neutrons |
| | C) | electrons |
| | D) | radioactive particles |
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| 42 | |
Radioactive isotopes emit energy or particles until they reach a stable form. Which type of radiation emitted by a radioactive isotope can be the most penetrating, and thus the most damaging, to living things? |
| | A) | alpha radiation |
| | B) | beta radiation |
| | C) | gamma radiation |
| | D) | atomic radiation |
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| 43 | |
Ionic bonds tend to form between ____________________. |
| | A) | atoms that have become electrically, and oppositely, charged |
| | B) | atoms that share a single pair of electrons |
| | C) | atoms that share two pairs of electrons |
| | D) | hydrogen and oxygen atoms that bear weak but opposite charges |
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| 44 | |
Which of these molecular formulas represents a compound? |
| | A) | H2 |
| | B) | O2 |
| | C) | N2 |
| | D) | C6H12O6 |
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| 45 | |
Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _______________. |
| | A) | products |
| | B) | ions |
| | C) | reactants |
| | D) | acids |
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| 46 | |
The reaction NaCl → Na+ + Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction? |
| | A) | synthesis reaction |
| | B) | decomposition reaction |
| | C) | exchange reaction |
| | D) | reversible reaction |
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| 47 | |
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called ________________. |
| | A) | acids |
| | B) | bases |
| | C) | salts |
| | D) | electrically neutral |
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| 48 | |
A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.000001 g/L has a pH of ___________. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 5 |
| | C) | 6 |
| | D) | 7 |
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| 49 | |
Animal polysaccharides or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy. |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | steroids |
| | C) | dextrose |
| | D) | cellulose |
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| 50 | |
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon- carbon bonds is said to be _________________. |
| | A) | polyunsaturated |
| | B) | monounsaturated |
| | C) | linked |
| | D) | saturated |
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| 51 | |
Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure. |
| | A) | Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins. |
| | B) | Most proteins are made from a short chain of amino acids. |
| | C) | A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape. |
| | D) | A protein's conformation determines its function. |
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| 52 | |
Myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many enzymes are ________________ proteins. |
| | A) | globular |
| | B) | fibrous |
| | C) | linear |
| | D) | pleated sheet |
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| 53 | |
DNA contains each of the following components, except ______________. |
| | A) | 5-carbon sugar |
| | B) | a single polynucleotide chain |
| | C) | phosphate group |
| | D) | organic base |
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| 54 | |
The smallest complete unit of an element is the _____. |
| | A) | atom |
| | B) | molecule |
| | C) | element |
| | D) | electron |
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| 55 | |
Which of the following does not belong with the others? |
| | A) | proton |
| | B) | neutron |
| | C) | electron |
| | D) | nucleus |
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| 56 | |
What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to? |
| | A) | atomic number |
| | B) | bulk number |
| | C) | atomic symbol |
| | D) | mass number |
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| 57 | |
Which of the following is not nearly as abundant as the others in living cells? |
| | A) | Na |
| | B) | Mn |
| | C) | P |
| | D) | N |
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| 58 | |
Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6? |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | N |
| | D) | K |
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| 59 | |
The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____. |
| | A) | atom |
| | B) | free radical |
| | C) | ion |
| | D) | molecule |
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| 60 | |
Of the following, which represents an organic compound? |
| | A) | H2O |
| | B) | O2 |
| | C) | nitrous oxide |
| | D) | C6H12O6 |
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| 61 | |
Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed. |
| | A) | covalent |
| | B) | hydrogen |
| | C) | ionic |
| | D) | polar covalent |
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| 62 | |
Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the [H+] equals the [OH-]? |
| | A) | 6 |
| | B) | 0 |
| | C) | 7 |
| | D) | 14 |
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| 63 | |
Which of these is the correct formula for a base? |
| | A) | HCl |
| | B) | NaOH |
| | C) | H2SO4 |
| | D) | H2O |
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| 64 | |
At what pH is a solution completely acidic? ____ |
| | A) | 0 |
| | B) | 7 |
| | C) | 14 |
| | D) | 7.4 |
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