Please answer all questions.
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| 1 | |
The prenatal period lasts _____. |
| | A) | 266 days |
| | B) | 36 weeks |
| | C) | 9 lunar months |
| | D) | 10 lunar months |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is true of blastomeres? |
| | A) | found in an embryo |
| | B) | have a zona pellucida |
| | C) | divide by cleavage |
| | D) | are produced by meiosis |
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| 3 | |
Which of these is the first to develop? |
| | A) | blastocyst |
| | B) | embryo |
| | C) | morula |
| | D) | fetus |
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| 4 | |
Which of these is NOT true of implantation? |
| | A) | involves a blastocyst |
| | B) | is in the uterine tube |
| | C) | has cells that produce HCG |
| | D) | occurs by sixth day |
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| 5 | |
In the process of in vitro fertilization, the woman is given _____ to induce follicle development. |
| | A) | HCG |
| | B) | human menopausal gonadotropin |
| | C) | progesterone |
| | D) | FSH |
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| 6 | |
The embryonic period lasts from the second week through _____ week. |
| | A) | third |
| | B) | fourth |
| | C) | eighth |
| | D) | twelfth |
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| 7 | |
All of these arise from mesoderm except which one? |
| | A) | muscle |
| | B) | brain |
| | C) | kidney |
| | D) | blood |
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| 8 | |
Which of these is NOT an endodermal derivative? |
| | A) | urinary bladder |
| | B) | urethra |
| | C) | lining of stomach |
| | D) | epidermis |
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| 9 | |
What prevents the maternal and embryonic blood cells from mixing? |
| | A) | chorionic villi |
| | B) | placental membrane |
| | C) | lacunae |
| | D) | trophoblast |
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| 10 | |
When would drugs or radiation produce the greatest harm? |
| | A) | early fetus |
| | B) | in the ninth week |
| | C) | fourth week |
| | D) | late pregnancy |
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| 11 | |
When will the embryo take on a human appearance? |
| | A) | eighth week |
| | B) | fourth week |
| | C) | second fetal month |
| | D) | sixth week |
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| 12 | |
Which of these is a maternal component? |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | amnion |
| | C) | decidua basalis |
| | D) | umbilical cord |
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| 13 | |
When does the amnion first appear? |
| | A) | first week |
| | B) | second week |
| | C) | fifth week |
| | D) | sixth week |
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| 14 | |
What is the origin of fetal blood cells? |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | amnion |
| | C) | yolk sac |
| | D) | allantois |
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| 15 | |
What is the major cell process in the fetus? |
| | A) | differentiation |
| | B) | meiosis |
| | C) | mitosis |
| | D) | cleavage |
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| 16 | |
When can the male and female organs be distinguished first? |
| | A) | eighth week |
| | B) | 10th week |
| | C) | twelfth week |
| | D) | fourth month |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT true at full term? |
| | A) | testes begin to descend |
| | B) | fingernails are present |
| | C) | vertex position is evident |
| | D) | fetus is 50 cm long |
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| 18 | |
The main factor that may NOT allow a 24 week fetus to survive independently is the _____. |
| | A) | strength of the heart |
| | B) | nervous system maturation |
| | C) | surfactant |
| | D) | ability to move |
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| 19 | |
The ductus venosus transports blood to the _____. |
| | A) | placenta |
| | B) | heart |
| | C) | liver |
| | D) | vena cava |
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| 20 | |
The foramen ovale allows blood from the right atrium to enter the _____. |
| | A) | left ventricle |
| | B) | left atrium |
| | C) | aorta |
| | D) | right ventricle |
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| 21 | |
Large amounts of blood do NOT enter the fetal lungs because their _____. |
| | A) | pressure is too high |
| | B) | development is immature |
| | C) | resistance is high |
| | D) | arteries are closed |
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| 22 | |
The ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow from the pulmonary trunk to the _____. |
| | A) | lungs |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | aorta |
| | D) | right atrium |
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| 23 | |
The umbilical arteries are branches of the _____. |
| | A) | ductus venosus |
| | B) | inferior vena cava |
| | C) | internal iliac arteries |
| | D) | external iliac arteries |
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| 24 | |
Which of these has the greatest oxygen content? |
| | A) | umbilical arteries |
| | B) | umbilical vein |
| | C) | fetal aorta |
| | D) | fetal pulmonary veins |
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| 25 | |
Which function is most critical in the neonate? |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | cardiac |
| | C) | respiratory |
| | D) | gastrointestinal |
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| 26 | |
Which of these is NOT a significant factor explaining what causes the first breath of life? |
| | A) | blood pH |
| | B) | neonatal adrenalin |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | low blood oxygen |
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| 27 | |
In the first days of life, what is the primary source of energy? |
| | A) | glucose |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | lipid |
| | D) | glycogen |
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| 28 | |
The superior vesical arteries are remnants of the _____. |
| | A) | umbilical arteries |
| | B) | umbilical vein |
| | C) | ductus venosus |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus |
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| 29 | |
The ligamentum teres is the remnant of the _____. |
| | A) | umbilical cord |
| | B) | umbilical vein |
| | C) | ductus arteriosus |
| | D) | umbilical artery |
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| 30 | |
The ligamentum venosum is the remnant of the _____. |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | ductus arteriosus |
| | C) | ductus venosus |
| | D) | umbilical vein |
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| 31 | |
The reason why blood no longer passes through the foramen ovale, is initially explained by the _____. |
| | A) | increase in lung resistance |
| | B) | increase in right atrial pressure |
| | C) | decrease in left atrial pressure |
| | D) | increase in left atrial pressure |
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| 32 | |
The constriction of the ductus arteriosus is related most likely to _____. |
| | A) | pressure in the aorta |
| | B) | bradykinin |
| | C) | low oxygen tension |
| | D) | pressure in the lungs |
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| 33 | |
The period of infancy ends at _____. |
| | A) | two months |
| | B) | two years |
| | C) | one year |
| | D) | 18 months |
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| 34 | |
When is most hemoglobin of the adult type? |
| | A) | in the child age 1 |
| | B) | at four months |
| | C) | at seven months |
| | D) | in 18 months |
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| 35 | |
After age 30, the adult loses about ____% of their functional capacity each year. |
| | A) | 0.8 |
| | B) | 1.8 |
| | C) | 10 |
| | D) | 0.1 |
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| 36 | |
The chemical theory of aging involves the formation of _____. |
| | A) | defective proteins |
| | B) | less glycogen |
| | C) | free radicals |
| | D) | less DNA |
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| 37 | |
The premature separation of the placenta is _____. |
| | A) | amniocentesis |
| | B) | abruptio placentae |
| | C) | meconium |
| | D) | lochia |
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| 38 | |
Perinatology is a branch of medicine that studies the _____. |
| | A) | mother's progress |
| | B) | 10 week fetus |
| | C) | twenty-five week fetus |
| | D) | fetus and neonate |
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| 39 | |
Which of the following is NOT able to freely cross the placental membrane? |
| | A) | leukocytes |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | NaCl |
| | D) | erythrocytes |
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| 40 | |
Epithelial linings of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra all form from the _______________layer of the gastrula. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | mesoderm |
| | C) | endoderm |
| | D) | chorionic villi |
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| 41 | |
The portion of the placenta contributed by the embryo is the ______________. |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | allantois |
| | C) | amnion |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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| 42 | |
Within which extraembryonic membrane are blood cells formed in the early stages of development? |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | allantois |
| | C) | amnion |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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| 43 | |
What is the major distinguishing factor that separates the embryonic stage from the fetal stage? |
| | A) | All major organ systems form during the embryonic stage; the fetal stage consists mainly of rapid growth. |
| | B) | The brain forms late in the fetal stage; all other organ systems form earlier. |
| | C) | The skeletal system is laid down during the fetal stage, otherwise organ systems form during the embryonic stage. |
| | D) | The major event of the embryonic stage is implantation in the uterus; all development occurs during the fetal stage. |
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| 44 | |
Of every 100 secondary oocytes that are exposed to sperm, how many infants are actually born live? |
| | A) | about 95 |
| | B) | around 75 |
| | C) | approximately 50 |
| | D) | about 31 |
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| 45 | |
Which vessel transports blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the fetus? |
| | A) | ductus venosus |
| | B) | umbilical vein |
| | C) | umbilical artery |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus |
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| 46 | |
Within the fetus, much of the circulating blood bypasses the lungs and flows through the ______________. |
| | A) | ductus venosus |
| | B) | umbilical vein |
| | C) | umbilical artery |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus |
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| 47 | |
The period immediately after birth to four weeks of age is called the _______________ period. |
| | A) | senescent |
| | B) | adolescent |
| | C) | neonatal |
| | D) | infancy |
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| 48 | |
Many changes occur in the newborn infant as it adapts to a life apart from its mother. What happens to the umbilical vein? |
| | A) | It continues to transport blood from the navel to the vena cava. |
| | B) | It closes off to become the ligamentum teres. |
| | C) | It closes off to become the superior vesical artery. |
| | D) | It becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. |
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| 49 | |
What is the biological definition of human adulthood? |
| | A) | when puberty is reached |
| | B) | age 18 |
| | C) | adolescence to old age |
| | D) | age 21 |
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| 50 | |
At what age do age-related degenerative changes begin in most adults? |
| | A) | age 30 |
| | B) | age 40 |
| | C) | age 60 |
| | D) | age 70 |
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| 51 | |
Aging appears to result from each of these causes except _______________. |
| | A) | genetics |
| | B) | apoptosis |
| | C) | accumulation of free-radicals |
| | D) | adequate nutrition and exercise |
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| 52 | |
What is a major cause of death in less-developed countries? |
| | A) | cancer |
| | B) | heart disease |
| | C) | infections |
| | D) | automobile accidents |
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| 53 | |
In which menstrual cycle phase does implantation occur? |
| | A) | menses |
| | B) | ovulation |
| | C) | proliferative |
| | D) | secretory |
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| 54 | |
What normally prevents the expulsion of an embryo by a menstrual flow? |
| | A) | the enzymes around the embryo |
| | B) | HCG |
| | C) | the thickness of the endometrium |
| | D) | FSH |
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| 55 | |
The structure which implants in the endometrium is correctly termed a _____. |
| | A) | embryo |
| | B) | blastocyst |
| | C) | morula |
| | D) | zygote |
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| 56 | |
When can the term fetus be correctly used? |
| | A) | at three weeks |
| | B) | when body systems have been established |
| | C) | after the neural tube forms |
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| 57 | |
Which extraembryonic membrane encloses the embryo in a fluid filled cavity? |
| | A) | allantois |
| | B) | yolk sac |
| | C) | chorion |
| | D) | amnion |
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| 58 | |
Which membrane plays the greatest role in nutrient and wastes exchanges? |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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| 59 | |
Which hormone prevents a second pregnancy during gestation? |
| | A) | FSH |
| | B) | LH |
| | C) | progesterone |
| | D) | HCG |
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| 60 | |
In which process do the cells become progressively smaller? |
| | A) | differentiation |
| | B) | cleavage |
| | C) | growth |
| | D) | morphogenesis |
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| 61 | |
When is a developing individual most susceptible to genetic birth defects from smoking? |
| | A) | last trimester |
| | B) | third to sixth month |
| | C) | first trimester |
| | D) | at birth |
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| 62 | |
When is it first possible to distinguish the sex of a fetus? |
| | A) | one month |
| | B) | second month |
| | C) | third month |
| | D) | fourth month |
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| 63 | |
When does bone start to replace cartilage? |
| | A) | fifth week |
| | B) | second month |
| | C) | third month |
| | D) | fourth month |
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