Please answer all questions.
 |
| 1 | |
What is the basic structural unit of the body? |
| | A) | tissue |
| | B) | organ |
| | C) | organelle |
| | D) | cell |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which of the following are the smallest cells? |
| | A) | human ovum |
| | B) | red blood cell |
| | C) | white blood cell |
| | D) | smooth muscle cell |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and _____. |
| | A) | membrane |
| | B) | organelle |
| | C) | reticulum |
| | D) | mitochondrion |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
A ribosome is an example of a _____. |
| | A) | nuclear membrane |
| | B) | organelle |
| | C) | inclusion |
| | D) | protein |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called _____. |
| | A) | permeable |
| | B) | passive |
| | C) | active |
| | D) | selective |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one? |
| | A) | lipids |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | carbohydrates |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
The following terms belong together except which one? |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | phospholipid |
| | C) | hydrophilic ends |
| | D) | hydrophobic ends |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | amino acids |
| | D) | certain lipids |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Hormones come in contact with the _____ molecules in a membrane. |
| | A) | lipid |
| | B) | rod-like protein |
| | C) | globular protein |
| | D) | integral protein |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
The selective movement of ions through a membrane occurs through areas called _____. |
| | A) | pores |
| | B) | peripheral protein regions |
| | C) | channels |
| | D) | receptors |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
The _____ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes. |
| | A) | peripheral |
| | B) | structural |
| | C) | integral |
| | D) | rod-like |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The cells in heart muscle are often held together by areas called _____. |
| | A) | desmosomes |
| | B) | tight junctions |
| | C) | gap junctions |
| | D) | intercellular fluid |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by _____. |
| | A) | gap junctions |
| | B) | tight junctions |
| | C) | connective tissue |
| | D) | desmosomes |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The _____ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis. |
| | A) | mitochondrion |
| | B) | ribosome |
| | C) | lysosome |
| | D) | Golgi body |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
The _____ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell. |
| | A) | ribosome |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | centriole apparatus |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
A combination of a sugar with a protein is a _____. |
| | A) | lipoprotein |
| | B) | glycoprotein |
| | C) | complex protein |
| | D) | nuclear protein |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
The _____ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport. |
| | A) | ribosome |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | centriole microtubules |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
The _____ is the source of most of the cellular energy. |
| | A) | ribosome |
| | B) | cytosol |
| | C) | mitochondrion |
| | D) | lysosome |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
The cristae are the inner portions of the _____. |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | ribosome |
| | C) | inclusion bodies |
| | D) | centrosome |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
The _____ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures. |
| | A) | centrioles |
| | B) | lysosomes |
| | C) | peroxisomes |
| | D) | mitochondria |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _____. |
| | A) | hydrogen peroxide |
| | B) | cell membranes |
| | C) | bacteria |
| | D) | peroxidase |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
The _____ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction. |
| | A) | centriole |
| | B) | centrosome |
| | C) | chromosome |
| | D) | lysosome |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _____. |
| | A) | flagella |
| | B) | basal bodies |
| | C) | cilia |
| | D) | microfilaments |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
Which of the following human cells has a flagellum? |
| | A) | sperm |
| | B) | kidneys |
| | C) | intestine |
| | D) | testes |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _____. |
| | A) | microtubules |
| | B) | microfilaments |
| | C) | vesicles |
| | D) | inclusion bodies |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
The protein actin is found in _____, which results in some type of movement or contraction. |
| | A) | Golgi bodies |
| | B) | microfilaments |
| | C) | microtubules |
| | D) | cilia |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
The following belong together except which one? |
| | A) | microtubule |
| | B) | microvilli |
| | C) | aid in DNA movement |
| | D) | comprise an internal skeleton |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
What is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function? |
| | A) | inclusion |
| | B) | organelle |
| | C) | vesicle |
| | D) | macromolecule |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
The following are inclusions except which one? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | melanin |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | vesicles |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed _____. |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | dialysis |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | osmosis |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor? |
| | A) | increased temperature |
| | B) | increased concentration |
| | C) | increased molecular weight |
| | D) | shorter distances |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by _____. |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | filtration |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
Insulin usually increases the movement of glucose through a cell membrane by a process called _____. |
| | A) | facilitation diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | pinocytosis |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side, tend to _____. |
| | A) | repel water |
| | B) | draw water towards that side |
| | C) | repel water from that side |
| | D) | stop the movement of water |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
Hypertonic solutions tend to causes cells to _____. |
| | A) | burst |
| | B) | increase in diameter |
| | C) | shrink |
| | D) | intake water |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is _____%. |
| | A) | 10% |
| | B) | 0.9% |
| | C) | 5% |
| | D) | 12% |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
The movement of a salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is _____. |
| | A) | filtration |
| | B) | dialysis |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | active transport |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
Hydrostatic refers to pressure of _____. |
| | A) | salts |
| | B) | the membrane |
| | C) | solutes |
| | D) | the solvent |
|
|
|
| 39 | |
Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _____. |
| | A) | facilitated diffusion |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | passive transport |
| | D) | dialysis |
|
|
|
| 40 | |
The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of _____. |
| | A) | phagocytosis |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | endocytosis |
| | D) | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
|
|
| 41 | |
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, an LDL particle of cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain _____. |
| | A) | lipoproteins |
| | B) | apoprotein-B receptors |
| | C) | HDL |
| | D) | cholesterol |
|
|
|
| 42 | |
As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes ________. |
| | A) | remains the same |
| | B) | is doubled |
| | C) | is cut in half |
| | D) | changes to 46 |
|
|
|
| 43 | |
The process, which divides the cytoplasm in half, is specifically termed _____. |
| | A) | karyokinesis |
| | B) | cytokinesis |
| | C) | mitosis |
| | D) | meiosis |
|
|
|
| 44 | |
The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____. |
| | A) | mitosis |
| | B) | prophase |
| | C) | meiosis |
| | D) | karyokinesis |
|
|
|
| 45 | |
At which stages does the chromosome number double? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | interphase |
| | D) | telophase |
|
|
|
| 46 | |
Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _____ stage of division. |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
|
|
|
| 47 | |
The _____ stages occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed. |
| | A) | interphase |
| | B) | prophase |
| | C) | metaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
|
|
|
| 48 | |
Two chromatids are attached at the _____ region. |
| | A) | terminal |
| | B) | centromere |
| | C) | centrosome |
| | D) | centriole |
|
|
|
| 49 | |
The centromeres divide during the _____ stage of mitosis. |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
|
|
|
| 50 | |
The process _____ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse. |
| | A) | mitosis |
| | B) | meiosis |
| | C) | interphase |
| | D) | differentiation |
|
|
|
| 51 | |
The main division process in the early embryo is _____. |
| | A) | mitosis |
| | B) | meiosis |
| | C) | karyokinesis |
| | D) | metastasis |
|
|
|
| 52 | |
Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called _____. |
| | A) | metaphase |
| | B) | anaplasia |
| | C) | hyperplasia |
| | D) | metastasis |
|
|
|
| 53 | |
During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a _____ state. |
| | A) | cancerous |
| | B) | hypertrophy |
| | C) | metaplasia |
| | D) | metastasis |
|
|
|
| 54 | |
Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris? |
| | A) | sodium |
| | B) | calcium |
| | C) | potassium |
| | D) | chloride |
|
|
|
| 55 | |
What type of cell is a bacterium? |
| | A) | eukaryotic |
| | B) | archaeal |
| | C) | prokaryotic |
| | D) | viroid |
|
|
|
| 56 | |
The __________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function. |
| | A) | size |
| | B) | shape |
| | C) | age |
| | D) | chromosome number |
|
|
|
| 57 | |
The _________ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material. |
| | A) | nucleolus |
| | B) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | nucleus |
| | D) | centrosome |
|
|
|
| 58 | |
Which feature is not a characteristic of the cell membrane? |
| | A) | It is made up of a phospholipid monolayer. |
| | B) | It can seal tiny breaks in itself. |
| | C) | It is selectively permeable and can regulate passage of material through it. |
| | D) | Many kinds of proteins are embedded in the membrane. |
|
|
|
| 59 | |
Molecules that are soluble in ___________ can pass through the fatty acid portion of the cell membrane unassisted. |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | cholesterol |
| | C) | gases |
| | D) | lipids |
|
|
|
| 60 | |
The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are _____________. |
| | A) | cell adhesion molecules |
| | B) | desmosomes |
| | C) | gap junctions |
| | D) | tight junctions |
|
|
|
| 61 | |
____________ provide(s) both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks. |
| | A) | peroxisomes |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | ribosomes |
| | D) | mitochondria |
|
|
|
| 62 | |
Choose the organelle that consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilia and flagella. |
| | A) | lysosome |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | vesicle |
| | D) | centrosome |
|
|
|
| 63 | |
In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur? |
| | A) | within nuclear pores |
| | B) | in the chromatin |
| | C) | in the area of the nucleolus |
| | D) | Ribosome production does not occur in the nucleus. |
|
|
|
| 64 | |
By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration? |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | filtration |
|
|
|
| 65 | |
Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process? |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | endocytosis |
| | C) | exocytosis |
| | D) | facilitated diffusion |
|
|
|
| 66 | |
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? |
| | A) | mitosis |
| | B) | prophase of mitosis |
| | C) | G2 phase |
| | D) | S phase |
|
|
|
| 67 | |
Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
|
|
|
| 68 | |
DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but prior to division DNA exists as long thin _____ strands. |
| | A) | RNA |
| | B) | chromatin |
| | C) | chromosome |
| | D) | flagellar |
|
|
|
| 69 | |
Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones? |
| | A) | phospholipids |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | proteins |
| | D) | steroids |
|
|
|
| 70 | |
The term _____ can be used to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell. |
| | A) | metabolism |
| | B) | respiration |
| | C) | anabolism |
| | D) | catabolism |
|
|
|
| 71 | |
In the liver, the _____ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs. |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | Golgi apparatus |
|
|
|
| 72 | |
The cristae are structures found within the _____ organelle. |
| | A) | ribosome |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | mitochondrion |
| | D) | endoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
|
| 73 | |
Which of the following does not belong with others? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | passive transport |
|
|
.