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Chapter 30 Quiz
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1

Freshwater fish and amphibians actively drink water, whereas marine fish do not drink water.
A)True
B)False
2

Elasmobranchs have hypertonic body fluids due to unusually high accumulations of trimethlamine oxide (TMAO) and magnesium sulfate.
A)True
B)False
3

With respect to their environmental medium, most marine invertebrates would be…
A)Hypertonic
B)Hypotonic
C)Isotonic
D)Ginantonic
E)None of the above is correct
4

Organisms that are not able to withstand a wide variation in the salinity of their medium are called…
A)Stenohaline
B)Euryhaline
C)Eurythermal
D)Salt regulators
E)None of the above is correct
5

In some desert rodents, gain of water via metabolic oxidation of foodstuffs may constitute a very significant proportion of their water balance.
A)True
B)False
6

Reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid perhaps because it is nontoxic and can be excreted with little water loss.
A)True
B)False
7

When fish first invaded fresh water what would have been their major osmotic problem?
A)Water loss
B)Water influx
C)Salt intake
D)Influx of phosphate ions
E)Influx of calcium ions
8

Amphibians may absorb salts from the medium in which they live via their…
A)Gills
B)Kidneys
C)Skin
D)Rectal glands
E)Mesonephridia
9

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which controls sodium reabsorption by the nephron.
A)True
B)False
10

The metanephridium is an open, or “true” Nephridium.
A)True
B)False
11

The antennal glands of crustaceans are excretory systems that lack nephrostomes.
A)True
B)False
12

When the osmotic risks are considered, a marine fish might be likened to…
A)A freshwater fish
B)A freshwater amphibian
C)A desert-dwelling mammal
D)A freshwater mammal such as a beaver
E)None of the above is correct
13

Which of the following acts to expel excess water from protozoans and freshwater sponges?
A)Flame cells
B)Protonephridia
C)Lysosomes
D)Contractile vacuoles
E)None of the above is correct
14

The excretory system of a planarian is of which type?
A)Mesonephridial
B)Metanephridial
C)Protonephridial
D)Ananephridial
E)Mononephridial
15

The “flame” of a flame cell refers to the…
A)Flagellar tuft
B)Contractile vacuole
C)Nephric tubule
D)Nephrostome
E)None of the above is correct
16

Uric acid is excreted by Malpighian tubules in some spiders and insects.
A)True
B)False
17

The archinephros is known as the ancestral kidney, and is found in the embryos of hagfish and caecilians.
A)True
B)False
18

Blood enters the glomerulus via the afferent arteriole and exits via the efferent arteriole.
A)True
B)False
19

Which of the following serves as the functional kidney of adult amniotes?
A)Mesonephros
B)Metanephros
C)Pronephros
D)Archinephros
E)None of the above is correct
20

The most advanced type of kidney has a unique duct not found in other types of kidneys, the…
A)Labyrinth
B)Nephrostome
C)Cloaca
D)Ureter
E)None of the above is correct
21

The portion of the nephron that initially receives the filtrate from the glomerulus is the…
A)Proximal convoluted tubule
B)Loop of Henle
C)Renal pelvis
D)Bowman’s capsule
E)None of the above is correct
22

Which of the following is the correct order for the passage of urine?
A)Collecting duct, bladder, renal pelvis, and ureter
B)Bladder, renal pelvis, collecting duct, and ureter
C)Collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder
D)Collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, and bladder
E)None of the above is correct
23

Tubular reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule results from…
A)Diffusion
B)Active transport
C)A pressure differential
D)A temperature gradient
E)Facilitated diffusion
24

Glomerular filtration is based on diffusion and active transport.
A)True
B)False
25

Animals that are poikilothermic are also typically endothermic; animals that are homeothermic are typically ectothermic.
A)True
B)False
26

To avoid desert heat, animals may become nocturnal or endolithic.
A)True
B)False
27

Birds and reptiles produce solid crystals of uric acid as an excretory product.
A)True
B)False
28

Brown fat is associated with nonshivering thermogenesis.
A)True
B)False
29

Ectotherms may maintain a relatively stable level of metabolic activity over a range of seasonal temperature changes by…
A)Oxidation of brown fat
B)Shivering thermogenesis
C)Nonshivering thermogenesis
D)Temperature compensation
E)None of the above is correct
30

Endothermy is maintained by heat production primarily via cellular metabolism and …
A)Conduction
B)Respiratory evaporation
C)Muscular contraction
D)Gular flutter
E)None of the above is correct
31

Desert animals would be expected to produce…
A)Copious urine and dry feces
B)Concentrated urine and dry feces
C)Copious urine and increased conductance
D)Concentrated urine and nonshivering thermogenesis
E)None of the above is correct
32

A desert animal would be expected to have…
A)Light-colored fur
B)Much brown fat
C)An annual hibernation cycle
D)Short loops of Henle in the nephron
E)None of the above is correct
33

Small mammals living in very cold environments rely of thick fur for insulation.
A)True
B)False
34

A small mammal, such as a bat, may drop its body temperature daily to save energy. This physiological response is called torpor.
A)True
B)False
35

An organism that maintains its body fluids at a higher salt concentration than the medium in which it lives is known as a hyoposmotic conformer.
A)True
B)False
36

In the disease diabetes mellitus, glucose rises to abnormally high concentrations in the blood plasma, causing hypoglycemia.
A)True
B)False
37

The blood capillaries surrounding the loops of Henle are called the…
A)Vasa constricta
B)Vasa deferens
C)Vasa permeans
D)Vasa recta
E)None of the above is correct







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