 |
1 | |
All known lineages of animals are related by descent from common ancestral populations. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
2 | |
Genes, under the influence of environmental factors, guide the orderly sequence of differentiation of a fertilized egg into an adult organism. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
3 | |
The first person to formulate the principles of heredity was… |
|
| | A) | Oparin |
| | B) | Hemingway |
| | C) | Mendel |
| | D) | Paganini |
| | E) | Crick |
|
4 | |
Mendel’s classic observations were based on garden peas because they… |
|
| | A) | Were available in pure strains |
| | B) | Were subject to experimental cross-fertilization |
| | C) | Were self-fertilizing |
| | D) | Exhibit distinct traits |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
5 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct about meiosis? |
|
| | A) | Meiosis produces haploid gametes from diploid cells |
| | B) | Genetic material replicates once followed by two rounds of cell division |
| | C) | During prophase of the first meiotic division, two members of each pair of homologous chromosome form a bivalent |
| | D) | In meiosis, homologous chromosomes meet in synapsis to form tetrads |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
6 | |
Which of the following is NOT a method of sex determination system in animals? |
|
| | A) | XX-XY system |
| | B) | XX-XO system |
| | C) | ZZ-ZW system |
| | D) | Sex system in which the environmental conditions produce different sexes |
| | E) | All of the above are systems for sex determination in animals |
|
7 | |
Which of the following is mismatched? |
|
| | A) | Law of segregation—genes separate independently of one another during meiosis |
| | B) | Phenotype—the visible characteristics of an organism |
| | C) | Genotype—the genetic constitution of an organism |
| | D) | Homozygotes—different pairs of alleles on homologous chromosomes |
| | E) | Monohybrid cross—a cross involving only one pair of contrasting traits |
|
8 | |
In a monohybrid cross of an individual with an AA genotype with another of aa genotype, the phenotypic ratio of the offspring would be: |
|
| | A) | 100 percent dominant |
| | B) | 50 percent dominant; 50 percent recessive |
| | C) | 100 percent recessive |
| | D) | 75 percent dominant; 25 percent recessive |
| | E) | The answer cannot be determined from the information given |
|
9 | |
One way of determining if an individual is homozygous or heterozygous dominant for a particular trait is to conduct a testcross with that individual. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
10 | |
Which of the following is true in a case of intermediate inheritance? |
|
| | A) | Neither allele is completely dominant over the other |
| | B) | The heterozygote phenotype appears either intermediate between or distinct from those of the parent. |
| | C) | One allele is always dominant over the other |
| | D) | Both A and B are correct |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
11 | |
Mendel’s Second Law is known as the law of independent assortment, which states that genes located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes do NOT assort independently during meiosis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
The probability of independent events occurring together involves the… |
|
| | A) | Multiplication rule |
| | B) | Rule of independent assortment |
| | C) | Product rule |
| | D) | Rule of exponents |
| | E) | Rule of probability |
|
13 | |
Which of the following is incorrect? |
|
| | A) | Polygenic inheritance—many different genotypes may affect a single phenotype |
| | B) | Pleiotropy—a single gene may influence the expression of multiple traits |
| | C) | Quantitative inheritance—continuous variation in phenotypes |
| | D) | Sex-linked inheritance—traits carried on somatic chromosomes |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
14 | |
There should be as many linkage groups as there are chromosome pairs. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
The exchange of homologous sections of DNA between nonsister chromatids is called: |
|
| | A) | Synaptonemal complex |
| | B) | Euploidy |
| | C) | Crossing over |
| | D) | Polyploidy |
| | E) | Genetic nondisjunction |
|
16 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
|
| | A) | Aneuploidy is when a single chromosome is added or subtracted from the chromosomal number. |
| | B) | Down syndrome is typically caused by trisomy 21 |
| | C) | A syndrome is a group of symptoms associated with a particular disease or abnormality |
| | D) | Inversion is where a portion of a chromosome is duplicated |
| | E) | Translocations is where nonhomologous chromosomes exchange sections |
|
17 | |
Beadle and Tatum are perhaps best known for their “one gene—one enzyme” hypothesis. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Nucleic acids are composed of repeated units called nucleotides, each of which is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a protein. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
|
| | A) | Pyrimidines include cytosine, thymine, and uracil |
| | B) | Purines include adenine and guanine |
| | C) | The 5' end of the DNA backbone has a free phosphate group on the 5' carbon of the ribose |
| | D) | The two DNA strands of the double helix run antiparallel to each other |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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20 | |
Every time a cell divides, the structure of DNA must be precisely copied in the daughter cells in a process called: |
|
| | A) | Replication |
| | B) | Templation |
| | C) | Complementation |
| | D) | Sequencing |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
21 | |
A codon is composed of three nucleotides and there are 64 possible codons in RNA. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
DNA is remarkably stable; in fact, various types of damage and repair are known, such as… |
|
| | A) | Deletion repair |
| | B) | Addition repair |
| | C) | Translocation repair |
| | D) | Ligase repair |
| | E) | Excision repair |
|
23 | |
Ribosomal, transfer, and messenger RNAs are transcribed directly from DNA, each encoded by different sets of genes, a process requiring DNA polymerase. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
24 | |
The two segments of DNA are introns, and exons, which code for the mature RNA that is translated into protein. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
|
| | A) | In mammals, genes coding for histones and interferons are on continuous stretches of DNA |
| | B) | Genes coding for many proteins are split |
| | C) | The process of translation takes place on the mitochondria |
| | D) | Transfer RNA collect free amino acids from the cytoplasm and deliver them to the polysome |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
|
26 | |
Transfer RNA has a sequence of three bases called the anticodon that forms base pairs with complementary bases on the messenger RNA. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Which of the following is NOT a form of gene regulation in eukaryotes? |
|
| | A) | Transcriptional control |
| | B) | Translational control |
| | C) | Gene rearrangement |
| | D) | DNA modification |
| | E) | All of the above are forms of gene regulation in eukaryotes |
|
28 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct? |
|
| | A) | Recombinant DNA tools—restriction endonucleases |
| | B) | DNA ligase—seals complementary base pairs |
| | C) | Recombinant DNA—DNA from two different sources |
| | D) | PCR—polymerase chain reaction |
| | E) | All of the above are correct |
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29 | |
The scientific field of mapping, sequencing, and analyzing genomes is known as… |
|
| | A) | Genomics |
| | B) | Proteomics |
| | C) | Euchromatomics |
| | D) | RFLP analysis |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
30 | |
Sources of phenotypic variation include which of the following? |
|
| | A) | The independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis |
| | B) | Crossing over during meiosis |
| | C) | Random fusion of gametes |
| | D) | Gene mutations |
| | E) | All of the above can provide sources for phenotypic variation |
|
31 | |
Although mutation occurs randomly, different mutation rates prevail at different loci. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
The crucial defect in cancer cells is that they proliferate in an unrestrained manner. This is called: |
|
| | A) | Neoplastic growth |
| | B) | Oncogenetic suppression |
| | C) | Benign tumor growth |
| | D) | Ras proliferation |
| | E) | None of the above is correct |
|
33 | |
In their normal form, oncogenes are called proto-oncogenes. One such proto-oncogene codes for a protein called Ras, which when activated, initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to cell division. |
|
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |