Choose the best answer.
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1 | |
The genetic material must show variation. Which of the following is NOT an example of genetic variation? |
| | A) | New mutations can occur during meiosis. |
| | B) | Different species have different numbers of chromosomes. |
| | C) | Different individuals within a species have different phenotypes. |
| | D) | Individuals of different species may have similar phenotypes. |
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2 | |
Why might heat-killed bacteria be useful as a vaccine? |
| | A) | It can cause a lethal infection. |
| | B) | Heat degradation of proteins changes their shape. |
| | C) | Molecules from the cell surface are still intact and can provoke an immune response. |
| | D) | DNA molecules can transform other strains of bacteria. |
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3 | |
What is the key difference between 'rough' and 'smooth' S. pneumoniae? |
| | A) | Rough bacteria can evade the immune system of a mouse. |
| | B) | Rough bacteria have more genes than smooth bacteria. |
| | C) | Smooth bacteria have more genes than rough bacteria. |
| | D) | Smooth bacteria are able to synthesize a polysaccharide capsule. |
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4 | |
What occurred in the transformation observed by Griffith? |
| | A) | A rough strain underwent mutation to convert it to a smooth strain. |
| | B) | A smooth strain underwent mutation to convert it to a rough strain. |
| | C) | A rough strain passed genetic information to a smooth strain. |
| | D) | A smooth strain passed genetic information to a rough strain. |
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5 | |
Why was the DNase treatment used by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty an important step? |
| | A) | This allowed them to isolate pure DNA samples. |
| | B) | This allowed them to isolate pure protein samples. |
| | C) | This allowed them to demonstrate that removing the DNA prevents transformation. |
| | D) | This allowed them to demonstrate that mixing rough cells with DNA prevents transformation. |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements about Griffith's type IIR strain of bacteria is incorrect? |
| | A) | It cannot make a polysaccharide capsule. |
| | B) | It must be competent to pick up DNA from the environment. |
| | C) | It contains a mutation in a gene that would allow synthesis of a type III capsule. |
| | D) | All of these are correct statements. |
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7 | |
What key characteristic of T2 bacteriophage allowed Hershey and Chase to use it in their studies of the genetic material? |
| | A) | Its genes encode proteins that assemble to produce the viral coat. |
| | B) | It injects its genetic material into a bacterial cell. |
| | C) | It can undergo either the lytic or lysogenic life cycle. |
| | D) | It enters the bacterial cell to cause infection. |
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8 | |
Which of the following is a key component of a DNA nucleotide? |
| | A) | Nitrogenous base. |
| | B) | Deoxyribose sugar. |
| | C) | Phosphate group. |
| | D) | All of these. |
| | E) | None of these. |
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9 | |
What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines? |
| | A) | Purines are found in RNA while pyrimidines are found in DNA. |
| | B) | Pyrimidines are found in RNA while purines are found in DNA. |
| | C) | Purines contain a double ring backbone, while pyrimidines contain a single ring backbone. |
| | D) | Pyrimidines contain a double ring backbone while purines contain a single ring backbone. |
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10 | |
What type of bond connects nucleotides? |
| | A) | Phosphodiester. |
| | B) | Hydrogen. |
| | C) | Ionic. |
| | D) | A and B. |
| | E) | None of these. |
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11 | |
Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is incorrect? |
| | A) | One complete turn requires 3.4nm and 10 base pairs. |
| | B) | The backbones of each strand run in opposite directions relative to each other. |
| | C) | Each pair of nucleotides is held together by three hydrogen bonds. |
| | D) | The width of the molecule is a constant 2nm. |
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12 | |
Which of the following is a line of evidence that indicates triplex DNA may exist in vivo? |
| | A) | Triplex DNA can be synthesized in the lab. |
| | B) | Triplex DNA follows certain base pairing rules. |
| | C) | Triplex DNA is recognized by certain proteins present in cells. |
| | D) | A and B. |
| | E) | None of these. |
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13 | |
What functional role is the three dimensional structure of DNA likely to accomplish? |
| | A) | Very long molecules of DNA can be packed into a small space. |
| | B) | Information within DNA is made available to drive cellular functions. |
| | C) | Information within DNA is modified from generation to generation. |
| | D) | All of these. |
| | E) | None of these. |
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14 | |
In studying a virus, you find the following proportions of nitrogenous bases present: adenine 23%, guanine 31%, cytosine 23%, unexpected base 17%. What statement(s) can you make about this virus? |
| | A) | It probably uses RNA as its genetic material. |
| | B) | The genetic material of this virus is probably single stranded. |
| | C) | Base pairing rules in this virus probably include adenine:cytosine. |
| | D) | A and B. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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15 | |
Which statement is false? |
| | A) | RNA and DNA are both composed of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds. |
| | B) | RNA and DNA both have secondary and tertiary structure. |
| | C) | RNA is always single stranded while DNA is always double stranded. |
| | D) | A and B are both false. |
| | E) | None of these (A, B and C are all true statements). |
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16 | |
The advent of molecular genetics has greatly improved our ability to perform research in other areas of genetics. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
The genetic material must be able to contain an infinite amount of information. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were able to demonstrate that their biochemical extracts were perfectly pure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Hershey and Chase demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material for eukaryotic organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
T2 bacteriophage rely on the lytic life cycle to generate an ongoing infection. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
DNA is the genetic material for all organisms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and up to three phosphate groups. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Deoxycytidine refers to the nucleoside which includes the base cytosine and deoxyribose sugar. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Hydrogen bonding is the primary chemical bond holding a strand of DNA together. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Rosalind Franklin was given proper recognition for her critical role in the discovery of the structure of DNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
The backbones of the two DNA strands in a double helix run in opposite directions (one 5'-3' left to right, the other 5'-3' right to left). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
B DNA is the only biologically relevant form of DNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged around proteins to form compact loops. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
RNA molecules follow the same base pairing rules as DNA. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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