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1 | | Which of the following is not an effect of a mutation? |
| | A) | prevents a protein from forming |
| | B) | lowers the amount of a protein |
| | C) | adds a function to a protein |
| | D) | any of the above can occur |
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2 | | Two healthy people have a child expressing a genetic condition caused by a dominant allele. What can you conclude about this situation? |
| | A) | infidelity- one parent had to contribute the disease allele |
| | B) | the parents are not free from the disorder- one must be affected |
| | C) | the mutation arose spontaneously in the child |
| | D) | the child is not the biological child of the couple described |
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3 | | A point mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a stop codon is called a |
| | A) | missense mutation. |
| | B) | nonsense mutation. |
| | C) | frameshift mutation. |
| | D) | deletion mutation. |
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4 | | Fragile-X syndrome and Huntington disease are caused by a (an) |
| | A) | tandem duplication. |
| | B) | fusion gene. |
| | C) | expanding triplet repeat. |
| | D) | deletion. |
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5 | | A ____ mutation originates during meiosis while a ____ mutation originates during mitosis. |
| | A) | germinal, somatic |
| | B) | germinal, spontaneous |
| | C) | somatic, germinal |
| | D) | spontaneous, point |
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6 | | DNA is repaired by ____ in which a pyrimidine dimer is split. |
| | A) | excision repair |
| | B) | photoreactivation |
| | C) | mismatch repair |
| | D) | proofreading repair |
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7 | | Changing the codon AGC to AGA represents a ____ mutation. |
| | A) | missense |
| | B) | nonsense |
| | C) | frameshift |
| | D) | deletion |
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8 | | What is the physical basis of mutational hotspots? |
| | A) | transposons |
| | B) | tautomers |
| | C) | palindromes |
| | D) | transitions |
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9 | | A ____ mutation affects the phenotype only under certain conditions. |
| | A) | spontaneous |
| | B) | somatic |
| | C) | site-directed |
| | D) | conditional |
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10 | | A ____ mutation is intentionally caused. |
| | A) | spontaneous |
| | B) | somatic |
| | C) | site-directed |
| | D) | conditional |
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11 | | Which of the following genetic diseases results from a mutation that prevents a protein from forming? |
| | A) | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| | B) | hemophilia A |
| | C) | epidermolysis bullosa |
| | D) | Huntington disease |
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12 | | Which of the following genetic diseases can result from a mutation … |
| | A) | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| | B) | hemophilia A |
| | C) | epidermolysis bullosa |
| | D) | Huntington disease |
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13 | | Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA by causing an extra _____ bond to form between adjacent _____. |
| | A) | hydrogen, pyrimidines. |
| | B) | covalent, pyrimidines. |
| | C) | covalent, purines. |
| | D) | hydrogen, purines. |
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14 | | A mutation causing an abnormality in presenilin that disrupts amyloid production or function has been associated with |
| | A) | cystic fibrosis. |
| | B) | Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
| | C) | Marfan syndrome. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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15 | | A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an error in |
| | A) | DNA replication. |
| | B) | DNA transcription. |
| | C) | translation. |
| | D) | reverse transcription. |
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16 | | The ____ gene has one of the highest mutation rates known. |
| | A) | Huntington disease |
| | B) | Marfan syndrome |
| | C) | polycystic kidney disease |
| | D) | osteogenesis imperfecta |
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17 | | Which of the following defects causes ataxia telangiectasis? |
| | A) | deficiency in kinase that controls the cell cycle |
| | B) | deficient excision repair |
| | C) | deficient mismatch repair |
| | D) | inactive ligase that slows replication |
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18 | | The codon for leucine is CUC. How many different amino acids could possibly result from single-base substitutions? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 5 |
| | D) | 7 |
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19 | | A frameshift mutation |
| | A) | replaces one amino acid with another. |
| | B) | removes part of the protein. |
| | C) | introduces a section of amino acids not normally found. |
| | D) | joins two different proteins. |
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20 | | Which of the following is not a triplet repeat disorder? |
| | A) | Fragile X syndrome |
| | B) | Huntington disease |
| | C) | myotonic dystrophy |
| | D) | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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21 | | A crossover between a working gene and its ____ results in a fusion gene. Some cases of ____ can result from this type of mutation. |
| | A) | expanding triplet repeat, myotonic dystrophy |
| | B) | transposon, hemophilia |
| | C) | pseudogene, Gaucher disease |
| | D) | duplicate, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease |
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22 | | Which characteristic of the genetic code lowers the likelihood of mutation. |
| | A) | universality |
| | B) | degeneracy |
| | C) | triplet |
| | D) | non-overlapping nature |
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23 | | Which of the following is an example of a conditional mutation? |
| | A) | Fragile-X syndrome |
| | B) | Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome |
| | C) | myotonic dystrophy |
| | D) | trichodystrophy |
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24 | | Fatal familial insomnia is an example of a |
| | A) | expanding repeat disorder. |
| | B) | deletion mutation. |
| | C) | fusion gene. |
| | D) | a prion disorder. |
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25 | | True or False? A mutation always causes a mutant phenotype. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
| | C) | cannot be determined |
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