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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

The largest high-to-low range of the tide would occur during a spring tide.
A)T
B)F
2

Some snails use a light-colored operculum to reflect sunlight in hot intertidal habitats.
A)T
B)F
3

Deposit feeders are very common in rocky intertidal areas due to the high amount of detritus trapped in the rocks.
A)T
B)F
4

Intertidal algae tend to have rigid stipes in order to withstand wave shock.
A)T
B)F
5

Rocky headlands tend to refract waves such that they bend toward the headland itself.
A)T
B)F
6

Intertidal barnacles anchor themselves to the rock using a footlike tissue with powerful suction.
A)T
B)F
7

Intertidal mussels anchor themselves to the rock using a gland in their feet that produces strong protein fibers (byssal threads).
A)T
B)F
8

Nutrients from seawater are generally the key limiting resource in the rocky intertidal.
A)T
B)F
9

Life in the upper rocky intertidal zone is generally limited by physical factors such as desiccation.
A)T
B)F
10

Caging experiments have shown that mussels are superior to algae as competitors for space, and algae may only "win" the competition if there is high predation of the mussels.
A)T
B)F
11

Periwinkles (Littorina) often dominate the upper rocky intertidal because they can breathe air and tolerate extreme temperatures.
A)T
B)F
12

Little gray barnacles tend to grow in a band above rock barnacles in the rocky intertidal because their larvae settle above those of the latter.
A)T
B)F
13

Sea stars are known as keystone predators in the rocky intertidal because a lower diversity of species occurs in their absence.
A)T
B)F
14

In the middle rocky intertidal, disturbances, such as wave action, always reduce the diversity by removing species.
A)T
B)F
15

After a middle rocky intertidal zone has been cleared of life, succession events will always lead to the same climax community given enough time.
A)T
B)F
16

The lower rocky intertidal zone is dominated by lichens and cyanobacteria.
A)T
B)F
17

Large animals of soft-bottom communities are dominated by epifauna.
A)T
B)F
18

Seaweeds grow well in some soft-bottom communities because their holdfasts grip the sediment well.
A)T
B)F
19

Calm, sheltered areas tend to have muddy bottoms, while sedimented areas with higher currents and waves tend to be sandier.
A)T
B)F
20

The presence of hydrogen sulfide in marine sediments indicates the presence of anaerobic bacteria and low oxygen.
A)T
B)F
21

Burrowing clams use their feet to rock their shells back and forth to dig a hole.
A)T
B)F
22

The term meiofauna refers to the soft-bodied burrowers of marine sediments.
A)T
B)F
23

Many marine animals in soft-bottom communities specialize as herbivores on the abundant mats of diatoms that often grow.
A)T
B)F
24

Upper zones of sandy beaches are dominated by crustaceans that eat smaller animals and detritus and other dead matter.
A)T
B)F
25

In North America, rocky shore habitats are found dominating
A)on the southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts due to rebound following the last ice age.
B)on the Atlantic coast north of Cape Cod due to tectonic uplift of the continent.
C)on the west (Pacific) coast due to tectonic uplift of the continent.
D)all of the above.
26

Rocky intertidal species exposed to air cope with potential desiccation by
A)avoiding the hot sun by moving or growing in damp crevices.
B)sealing up shells and other coverings to prevent water loss.
C)having a tolerance for surviving the loss of up to 90% of body water.
D)all of the above.
E)both a and b.





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