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1 | |
Both lampreys and hagfishes lack jaws and feed by suction with a muscular mouth and teeth. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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2 | |
All sharks must swim continuously to breathe or else they drown. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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3 | |
The whale shark, the largest of all fishes, eats marine mammals including dolphins and small whales. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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4 | |
Sharks are one of the leading causes of human deaths in coastal towns. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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5 | |
With a few exceptions, such as manta and devil rays, most rays and skates are demersal. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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6 | |
Flatfishes have bodies compressed top-to-bottom as an adaptation for their demersal lifestyles. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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7 | |
Open-water fishes often have dark-colored bellies to blend into the dark lower waters and light-colored backs to blend into the sunlit upper waters. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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8 | |
The presence of colored stripes, bars, or spots on reef fishes is generally a form of warning coloration associated with toxins or bad taste. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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9 | |
Sharks often have a large upper lobe on their tail fins primarily to act as a rudder for steering. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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10 | |
A much greater diversity of fin shapes and uses has evolved in the bony fishes than in the cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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11 | |
Similar to humans, fishes have two-part hearts with one side pumping blood to the gills and back to the other side of the heart, which pumps blood to the rest of the body. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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12 | |
Blood flow in fish gills is in the opposite direction to water flow because this maximizes diffusion of oxygen into the blood. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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13 | |
The lateral line of bony fishes is used to detect weak electrical fields of prey. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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14 | |
The coelacanth is a rare fish of biological interest primarily because it has fins with bones like those of land vertebrates rather than fin rays. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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15 | |
Territoriality behavior in fishes usually involves violent battles between defenders and invaders. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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16 | |
Schooling in fishes may be coordinated by vision, the lateral line, olfaction, and sound. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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17 | |
Tunas are major examples of anadromous fishes. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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18 | |
North Pacific salmon use primarily chemical cues when they migrate around the oceans as adults. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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19 | |
Dams, excess silt, and pollution are destroying Pacific salmon runs in rivers because they reduce the number of adults that return to the oceans after spawning. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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20 | |
The migratory behavior of the Atlantic Anguilla eels is essentially opposite to that of the Pacific salmon. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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21 | |
Hermaphrodotism in some fishes involves males changing into females or vice versa. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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22 | |
Special organs called claspers are used for internal fertilization in cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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23 | |
Bony fishes reproduce primarily by internal fertilization. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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24 | |
Viviparity (live birth), such as found in mammals, cannot occur in fishes since they always produce yolky eggs to support embryonic growth. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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25 | |
The following is true concerning cartilaginous and bony fishes: |
| | A) | The only consistent difference between them is a mineralized skeleton in the latter. |
| | B) | Both have rows of teeth that serve as reserves to replace lost teeth. |
| | C) | Bony, but not cartilaginous, fishes often have swimbladders, and have a bony operculum over the gills and bony fin rays to support the fins. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
| | E) | Both b and c. |
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26 | |
Fish gills have high surface areas for gas exchange due to structures called |
| | A) | gill arches. |
| | B) | lamellae. |
| | C) | spiracles. |
| | D) | caeca. |
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27 | |
The following is true concerning osmosis in cartilaginous and bony fishes: |
| | A) | Both groups have total solute concentrations in their blood much less than seawater. |
| | B) | Both groups accumulate high amounts of urea to equalize total solutes to that of seawater. |
| | C) | Cartilaginous fishes have the pattern in a and bony fishes the pattern in b. |
| | D) | Cartilaginous fishes have the pattern in b and bony fishes the pattern in a. |
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28 | |
Schooling in fishes has been hypothesized to serve to |
| | A) | confuse predators by creating a cloud of shifting individuals. |
| | B) | provide hydrodynamic efficiency for swimming in some cases. |
| | C) | allow colonies to form with specialized individuals much like in social insects. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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