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1 | |
Sea turtles must leave the oceans to lay eggs. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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2 | |
Green sea turtles, when ready to lay eggs, migrate to the nearest isolated sandy beach that they happen to encounter. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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3 | |
Sea snakes also migrate to sandy beaches to lay their eggs. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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4 | |
Marine iguanas can feed in cold ocean water because they warm up by basking in the sun on rocks. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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5 | |
Seabirds are endotherms, while sea reptiles usually are ectotherms. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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6 | |
Female emperor penguins keep their eggs warm with their feet and lower bodies. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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7 | |
Penguins fly clumsily over the water then dive into and swim adeptly in the water to catch prey. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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8 | |
Penguins are found mostly in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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9 | |
Tubenose birds get their name from the special feeding tube on their beaks. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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10 | |
Some seabirds migrate as much as 16,000 km from one polar region to the other, and may never experience a polar winter. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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11 | |
Pelicans force other birds to regurgitate in mid-air and then catch this food in their beak pouches. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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12 | |
Seabird guano can be used for useful human purposes. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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13 | |
Mammals constitute the largest group of vertebrates in terms of number of species. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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14 | |
All marine mammals are descended from one ancestral terrestrial species that returned to the sea. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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15 | |
Seals are distinguishable from sea lions by external ears and rear flippers that can move forward in the latter. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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16 | |
Sirenians are the only strict vegetarians among marine mammals. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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17 | |
Baleen whales have very long, hard teeth for straining small animals from the ocean. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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18 | |
All baleen whales subsist primarily on krill. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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19 | |
The pleated throat of many baleen whales is used like an expanding accordion to draw in large amounts of water and food. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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20 | |
European whalers after the 1600s hunted whales primarily to use blubber as human food. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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21 | |
Drift nets are widely used because they are the most efficient at catching animals useable for human consumption. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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22 | |
Cetaceans move their tails up and down, while fishes move theirs side to side. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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23 | |
Though they are air breathers, some seals have been recorded diving under water for over an hour. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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24 | |
The blowhole of cetaceans not only allows for breathing air while most of the body is submerged, but also allows for breathing and swallowing simultaneously. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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25 | |
To dive deeply while breath-holding, all marine mammals rely mainly on a large rigid ribcage to hold open large lungs filled with air during the dive. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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26 | |
When marine mammals dive, their heartbeat rates slow dramatically and normal blood flow is maintained only to the heart and brain. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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27 | |
The bends condition is caused by carbon dioxide bubbles forming in the blood due to the pressure changes in diving. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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28 | |
Marine mammals avoid the bends by returning to the surface very slowly after a deep dive. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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29 | |
Echolocation is used not only by most toothed whales, but also by some pinnipeds and probably some baleen whales. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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30 | |
The rounded fatty forehead structure, the melon, of toothed whales is thought to produce the sounds for echolocation. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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31 | |
It is thought that cetaceans construct a mental "picture" of objects using echolocation sounds, since they can recognize objects by sight previously only sensed by sound. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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32 | |
It is now well established that dolphins use sounds in a complex language rivaling that of humans in complexity. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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33 | |
Dolphins and whales in the wild show complex social behaviors including cooperative hunting, aiding injured pod members, sexual play, and parental care. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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34 | |
Grey whales migrate to Baja, California in the winter to feed on the rich tropical waters, then to their summer breeding areas in the northern polar waters. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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35 | |
Most cetacean calves are born head-first in order for the newborn to quickly gulp in air at the surface. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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36 | |
Pinnipeds often exhibit harem breeding with a dominant male mating with many females and fighting off other males. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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37 | |
The following must return to land to breed: |
| | A) | cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds. |
| | B) | seabirds, sea turtles, and pinnipeds. |
| | C) | sea turtles, sea snakes, and pinnipeds. |
| | D) | sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans. |
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38 | |
These marine mammals use blubber for insulation: |
| | A) | All marine mammals. |
| | B) | Cetaceans and pinnipeds only. |
| | C) | Cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds. |
| | D) | Cetaceans and sirenians only. |
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39 | |
The following is true concerning whaling by humans: |
| | A) | Though most whale species in the Northern Hemisphere are endangered, the species around Antarctica are still plentiful due to their great distance from developed countries. |
| | B) | The International Whaling Commission has succeeded in banning all whaling in the world except for that by a few traditional tribal fisheries. |
| | C) | American boycotts of tuna caught by nets that kill dolphins have succeeded in eliminating most net-caused dolphin deaths around the world. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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40 | |
The following is true concerning the evolution of whales: |
| | A) | Evidence of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestry is found in small, useless rear-limb bones. |
| | B) | The body shape of cetaceans is clear evidence that these animals had fish ancestors like all higher vertebrates do. |
| | C) | We have no good fossil evidence to show which group of mammals they evolved from. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
| | E) | Both a and b above. |
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