|
1 | | Facilitated diffusion can transport molecules against a concentration gradient. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
2 | | Simple diffusion does not require a living cell membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
3 | | The spontaneous, random diffusion of molecules creates a concentration gradient. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
4 | | A concentration gradient is a state of low entropy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
5 | | The majority of the water in the body is located within the blood plasma. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
6 | | The basal lamina consists of collagen and is part of the extracellular matrix. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
7 | | The dialysis membranes used in the treatment of kidney disease do not allow plasma protein molecules to pass. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
8 | | Steroid hormones are able to diffuse through phospholipid membranes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
9 | | Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas molecules can move in and out of cells by simple diffusion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
10 | | Sodium and potassium ions, being very small, can easily pass through the phospholipid layer of a cell membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
11 | | Diffusion rates through a cell membrane are constant, regardless of the magnitude of the concentration difference between the two sides of the membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
12 | | Integrins are glycoproteins that act to relay information between cells joined by gap junctions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
13 | | A cell can increase the rate of diffusion of solutes through its membrane by increasing the amount of exposed membrane surface area. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
14 | | Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from the side with a more concentrated solution to the side with a more dilute solution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
15 | | To be osmotically active, a solute must be able to pass through a semipermeable membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
16 | | Protein given intravenously would raise a patient's blood volume and pressure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
17 | | If you calculate the molecular weight of a substance and weigh out precisely that many grams of the substance, you will always (within statistical error) have the same number of molecules, regardless of what the substance is. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
18 | | One molar (1.0 M) solutions of two different solutes, such as NaCl and glucose, have the same amount of water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
19 | | One molal (1.0 m) solutions of two different solutes, such as NaCl and glucose, have the same amount of water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
20 | | One molal (1.0 m) solutions of two different solutes have the same osmotic pressure, regardless of what the solutes are. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
21 | | Osmosis is the net diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane, so pure water has a lower osmotic pressure than any solution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
22 | | Calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissociates in water to one Ca2+ and two Cl- ions. A calcium chloride solution of 3 m, would therefore have the same osmotic pressure as a glucose solution of 1.0 m. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
23 | | Sodium chloride will have a greater osmotic effect than an equivalent molar amount of urea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
24 | | The osmolality of blood plasma is determined clinically by measuring the molal concentrations of all its solutes and adding these together. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
25 | | A given osmolality will lower the freezing point of a solution the same amount no matter what solutes are in the solution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
26 | | A 0.3 m glucose solution has twice the osmotic pressure of 0.15 m NaCl solution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
27 | | A solution that is isosmotic to living cells is always isotonic to them. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
28 | | Red blood cells will swell and hemolyze in 0.3 m urea, but not in 0.3 m dextrose. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
29 | | Red blood cells undergo swelling and possibly burst if they are placed in a hypotonic solution. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
30 | | Increased stimulation of the osmoreceptors stimulates the sense of thirst. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
31 | | Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to increased blood osmolality. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
32 | | Facilitated diffusion is the only mechanism of passive carrier-mediated transport through cell membranes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
33 | | Membrane carriers for one solute usually will not transport any other solutes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
34 | | The rate of membrane transport cannot increase indefinitely by simply continuing to increase solute concentration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
35 | | Since membrane transport proteins are specific for the molecules they transport, different solutes do not compete for the same transport protein. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
36 | | The rate of facilitated diffusion into a cell depends on the amount of the solute present in the extracellular fluid and the amount of solute present in the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
37 | | By means of active transport membrane pumps, most cells maintain intracellular Ca2+ concentrations up to 10,000 times higher than the extracellular concentration. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
38 | | Primary active transport requires temporary phosphorylation of the solute molecules being transported through the membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
39 | | The Na+/K+ pump transports two potassium ions into a cell for every three sodium ions it transports out. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
40 | | The Na+/K+ pumps are found only in nerve and muscle cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
41 | | Thyroid hormone, thyroxine, affects the body's metabolic rate by adjusting the activity of Na+/K+ pumps throughout the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
42 | | The Na+/K+ pumps provide ion gradients for secondary active transport. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
43 | | The membrane potential of a living cell is due to cations within the cell that cannot diffuse through the membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
44 | | The living cell membrane is much more permeable to sodium than any other cation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
45 | | A living cell normally has a relatively high concentration of K+ inside the cell and a low concentration of K+ in the extracelluar fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
46 | | If K+ ions were allowed to diffuse freely through the cell membrane, they would eventually reach equilibrium with equal concentrations of K+ both inside and outside the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
47 | | When the K+ gates of a cell membrane open, K+ rushes into the cell by electrical attraction until it neutralizes the negative charges within the cytoplasm. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
48 | | The term, potential difference, means the amount of electrical charge (voltage) that exists across a cell membrane at any moment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
49 | | If K+ were the only ion that could diffuse through a cell membrane, there would be a membrane potential of +60 mV when potassium ions finally reached an equilibrium. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
50 | | The potassium equilibrium potential (EK) is also the normal resting potential of a cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
51 | | Hyperkalemia, perhaps caused by heart or kidney disease, causes the movement of potassium ions that results in the cell membrane potential becoming less negative. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
52 | | The term "resting" used to describe a cell membrane refers to a cell in which the Na+ and K+ concentrations across the membrane are at equilibrium. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
53 | | The Na+/K+ pump maintains a stable membrane potential by exchanging one Na+ ion for one K+ ion in each cycle of transport. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
54 | | Neurotransmitters are characteristic of synaptic signaling. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
55 | | Hormones are transported by the blood to target cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|