Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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1 | |
Which best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development? |
| | A) | An infant first produces an endogenous smile, then an exogenous smile, then a laugh. |
| | B) | An infant first raises the head, then sits up, then stands up. |
| | C) | An infant obtains visual skills, then olfactory skills, then auditory skills. |
| | D) | An infant coos, then babbles, then speaks single words, then uses language. |
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2 | |
Proximodistal growth refers to growth that moves from: |
| | A) | top to bottom. |
| | B) | bottom to top. |
| | C) | outer to middle. |
| | D) | middle to outer. |
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3 | |
Two important factors that can produce individual differences in height are: |
| | A) | ethnic origin and nutrition. |
| | B) | genetic predisposition and early behavior. |
| | C) | central nervous system functioning and reduction of fat intake. |
| | D) | standard of living and cost of living. |
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4 | |
By the end of early childhood, boys have more _______, whereas girls have more _______. |
| | A) | muscle; fat |
| | B) | fat; muscle |
| | C) | strength; endurance |
| | D) | weight gain; height gain |
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5 | |
The period of middle and late childhood involves: |
| | A) | slow, consistent growth. |
| | B) | rapid, consistent growth. |
| | C) | rapid spurts of growth. |
| | D) | moderate growth with occasional spurts. |
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6 | |
Why are boys generally stronger than girls during middle childhood? |
| | A) | Boys exercise more. |
| | B) | Boys lose their baby fat faster. |
| | C) | Boys have a larger skeletal system. |
| | D) | Boys have more muscle cells. |
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7 | |
Alice wants to know how early her daughter Barbara will go through puberty. Which of the following is the best indicator? |
| | A) | Alice's weight |
| | B) | Barbara's level of exercise |
| | C) | family history of puberty |
| | D) | Barbara's physical health |
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8 | |
The age at which puberty arrives is _______ with each passing decade. |
| | A) | increasing |
| | B) | decreasing |
| | C) | staying the same |
| | D) | slowing down |
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9 | |
Endocrine gland(s) important for controlling growth and regulating other glands is/are the: |
| | A) | hypothalamus. |
| | B) | pituitary gland. |
| | C) | thalamus. |
| | D) | gonads. |
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10 | |
_______ are the dominant class of hormone in males, whereas _______ are the dominant class of hormone in females. |
| | A) | Testosterones; estradiols |
| | B) | Estrogens; androgens |
| | C) | Estradiols; estrogens |
| | D) | Androgens; estradiols |
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11 | |
The hormonal and body changes of puberty occur about ______ year(s) earlier in girls than they do in boys. |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 1 1/2 |
| | C) | 2 |
| | D) | 2 1/2 |
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12 | |
Puberty refers to a period of: |
| | A) | declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence. |
| | B) | declining gross motor development during late childhood. |
| | C) | rapid psychological and emotional maturation during adolescence. |
| | D) | rapid skeletal and sexual maturation during adolescence. |
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13 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls. |
| | B) | Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will actually surpass their peers during the adolescent growth spurt. |
| | C) | Girls are just as tall and weigh more than boys before puberty. |
| | D) | After puberty, girls are shorter but heavier than boys. |
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14 | |
Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to: |
| | A) | be satisfied with their figures in high school. |
| | B) | be taller and thinner when they reach high school. |
| | C) | be less popular with males their own age. |
| | D) | be depressed. |
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15 | |
The Berkeley Longitudinal Study showed that, compared with late-maturing boys, early-maturing boys saw themselves: |
| | A) | less positively. |
| | B) | more positively. |
| | C) | smaller and weaker. |
| | D) | as bigger but more awkward. |
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16 | |
Which of the following might be expected to occur when an individual reaches age 30? |
| | A) | greater muscle tone and strength |
| | B) | radical changes in the sensory systems |
| | C) | sagging chins and protruding abdomens |
| | D) | decrease in the body's fatty tissues |
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17 | |
The average adult in middle adulthood _______ height and _______ weight. |
| | A) | loses; loses |
| | B) | loses; gains |
| | C) | gains; gains |
| | D) | gains; loses |
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18 | |
People become _______ as they go through middle adulthood. |
| | A) | faster |
| | B) | happier |
| | C) | thinner |
| | D) | shorter |
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19 | |
A man in his mid-forties is MOST likely to notice: |
| | A) | increased strength in his upper arms. |
| | B) | sensitivity to high-pitched sounds. |
| | C) | joint stiffness. |
| | D) | decreased bladder control. |
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20 | |
Considering normal aging processes, who'se blood pressure would be expected to be highest? |
| | A) | Sally, a 60-year-old woman who is postmenopausal |
| | B) | Cindy, a 40-year-old woman who is premenopausal |
| | C) | Carl, a 60-year-old man whose prostate was removed |
| | D) | Sam, 40-year-old man whose prostate is still intact |
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21 | |
During the first 2 years of life, there is tremendous growth in an infant's: |
| | A) | stepping reflex. |
| | B) | number of nerve cells. |
| | C) | percentage of REM sleep. |
| | D) | neuronal interconnections. |
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22 | |
The brain is divided into two halves called: |
| | A) | laterals. |
| | B) | hemispheres. |
| | C) | cortexes. |
| | D) | lobes. |
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23 | |
Myelination occurs in the brain when: |
| | A) | children develop more nerve cells. |
| | B) | nerve cells grow more nerve endings. |
| | C) | nerve cells become insulated with a layer of fat. |
| | D) | nerve cells become connected to each other in a more complicated network. |
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24 | |
Myelination in the brain: |
| | A) | nourishes the nerve cells so they function more efficiently. |
| | B) | increases the number of cells connected in a given neural network. |
| | C) | helps nerve cells communicate with a larger number of other cells. |
| | D) | increases the speed of information traveling through the nerve cells. |
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25 | |
Which pair is correct? |
| | A) | left hemisphere : visual processing |
| | B) | right hemisphere : auditory processing |
| | C) | left hemisphere : speech |
| | D) | right hemisphere : grammar |
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26 | |
Nathan has just turned 2 years old. Developmental psychologists believe Nathan's brain is _______ of its adult weight. |
| | A) | 25 percent |
| | B) | 50 percent |
| | C) | 75 percent |
| | D) | 90 percent |
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27 | |
The most rapid growth in the brain for children aged 3 to 6 takes place in the: |
| | A) | frontal lobe areas. |
| | B) | temporal lobe areas. |
| | C) | parietal lobe. |
| | D) | occipital lobe. |
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28 | |
A study designed to discover if the brain activity of adolescents differed from that of adults during the processing of emotional information found that: |
| | A) | there were no significant differences in where information was processed, but emotional intensity was higher for adolescents than for adults. |
| | B) | adolescents were more likely to process emotional information in the amygdala and adults were more likely to process it in the frontal lobe. |
| | C) | adolescents were more likely to process emotional information in the frontal lobe and adults were more likely to process it in the amygdala. |
| | D) | adolescents were less able than adults to perceive expression of emotion in others. |
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29 | |
Which statement summarizes normal brain development from age 70 to 80? |
| | A) | Both neurons and dendrites are lost, causing a deterioration in brain function. |
| | B) | New neurons and dendrites develop, as the brain becomes the most vital organ in old age. |
| | C) | Neurons may atrophy, but overall function is maintained by the growth of new dendrites. |
| | D) | Dendrite connections are lost, but overall function is maintained by the growth of new neurons. |
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30 | |
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is caused by: |
| | A) | unknown factors. |
| | B) | premature birth. |
| | C) | respiratory infections. |
| | D) | disturbances in the deep sleep state. |
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31 | |
Cross-cultural research demonstrates that infant sleep patterns around the world: |
| | A) | are the same. |
| | B) | differ for each culture. |
| | C) | may relate to mother-child contact. |
| | D) | have been steadily changing as humans evolve. |
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32 | |
Sleep researchers have found that: |
| | A) | infants and adults exhibit similar patterns of REM sleep. |
| | B) | infants engage in more REM sleep than adults. |
| | C) | adults engage in more REM sleep than infants. |
| | D) | adults enter REM sleep earlier in the sleep cycle than infants. |
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33 | |
Research comparing sleep patterns of childhood with those of adolescence have found that adolescents: |
| | A) | wake up earlier than children. |
| | B) | wake up later than children. |
| | C) | continue to wake up at the same time they did as children. |
| | D) | need less sleep than children. |
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34 | |
All of the following are recommendations to help older adults sleep better at night, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | avoid caffeine. |
| | B) | stay physically active during the day. |
| | C) | stay mentally active. |
| | D) | take short naps during the day. |
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35 | |
With improvements in medicine, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle, our life: |
| | A) | span has increased. |
| | B) | expectancy has increased. |
| | C) | expectancy has stayed the same, but our lives are healthier. |
| | D) | expectancy has dropped, but the quality of life has improved. |
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36 | |
Researchers in the New England Centenarian study have found that _______ contributes to living a long life. |
| | A) | lack of stress |
| | B) | good genes |
| | C) | the ability to cope successfully with stress |
| | D) | a healthy lifestyle |
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37 | |
Which of the following has remained virtually unchanged throughout history? |
| | A) | life expectancy |
| | B) | life span |
| | C) | life development |
| | D) | life experience |
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38 | |
Longevity is positively correlated with: |
| | A) | ability to cope. |
| | B) | number of stressful events. |
| | C) | years of marriage. |
| | D) | socioeconomic status. |
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39 | |
Which of the following countries has the lowest rate of life expectancy? |
| | A) | Australia |
| | B) | India |
| | C) | Kenya |
| | D) | Philippines |
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40 | |
If men and women engaged in exactly the same health-related behaviors, experienced the same amounts of stress, reacted to stress in the same ways, and had the same work habits and attitudes, which of the following would be expected? |
| | A) | Men and women would have the same life expectancies. |
| | B) | Women would have longer life expectancies than men. |
| | C) | Men would have longer life expectancies than women. |
| | D) | Men and women would both have shorter life expectancies. |
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41 | |
According to Hayflick's cellular clock theory, cells can divide a maximum of: |
| | A) | 50 to 60 times. |
| | B) | 65 to 70 times. |
| | C) | 75 to 80 times. |
| | D) | 80 to 100 times |
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42 | |
Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules? |
| | A) | cellular clock theory |
| | B) | free-radical theory |
| | C) | telomerase-injection theory |
| | D) | hormonal stress theory |
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