Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

1		Except for the ancient Asian and Greek physicians, throughout most of history, physical illness has been viewed purely in terms of _____ factors.
			A)	biological
			B)	psychological
			C)	spiritual
			D)	supernatural
2		The Hawaii Family Support/Healthy Start Program has been successful in:
			A)	reducing the high rate of children's accidents.
			B)	keeping families off welfare.
			C)	ensuring child support for single mothers.
			D)	reducing abuse and neglect in families.
3		From birth to 1 year of age, human infants _______ their weight and increase their length by _______.
			A)	double; 25 percent
			B)	double; 50 percent
			C)	triple; 50 percent
			D)	triple; 75 percent
4		The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is:
			A)	heart disease.
			B)	malnutrition.
			C)	accidents.
			D)	poison.
5		Many of the factors linked to poor health habits and early death in the adult years begin during:
			A)	conception.
			B)	infancy.
			C)	childhood.
			D)	adolescence
6		In which country do adolescents exercise the least?
			A)	the United States
			B)	Austria
			C)	Ireland
			D)	Germany
7		Which age group has the lowest rate of using private physician services for their health needs?
			A)	infants
			B)	adolescents
			C)	middle adults
			D)	older adults
8		Why might college students believe that they personally will not experience health problems regardless of their lifestyle, whereas others showing the same behaviors will have health problems?
			A)	They hold a health-related "personal fable."
			B)	They have a clear understanding of the role of genetics in biological health.
			C)	They believe that as long as their immune systems are intact they will be able to resist illnesses.
			D)	They are too cognitively immature to see the connection between current behavior and later health.
9		How well do college students use their knowledge about health?
			A)	They are well informed and most use the information to live healthy lifestyles.
			B)	Surveys indicate that most are aware of what it takes to be healthy and almost 50 percent practice what they know.
			C)	Those who are well-informed also tend to practice what they know.
			D)	Although most of them know what it takes to be healthy, most don't apply it.
10		Physicans tend to describe male patients as _______ and female patients as _______.
			A)	emotional; logical
			B)	logical; emotional
			C)	sneaky; emotional
			D)	direct; logical
11		A major criticism of the large-scale study involving 22,000 physicians that demonstrated the beneficial effect of an aspirin every other day on coronary heart disease is that the study:
			A)	did not compare different types of aspirin.
			B)	did not include women.
			C)	did not include men.
			D)	was not randomized.
12		The most common chronic disorders for both middle-aged women and middle-aged men are:
			A)	arthritis and hypertension.
			B)	sinus problems and hearing impairments.
			C)	heart disease and stroke.
			D)	hearing impairments and heart disease.
13		The chronic condition associated with the greatest limitation on work is:
			A)	arthritis.
			B)	asthma.
			C)	diabetes.
			D)	heart conditions.
14		An aging disorder associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, estrogen depletion, and lack of exercise is:
			A)	arthritis.
			B)	osteoporosis.
			C)	pernicious anemia.
			D)	depression.
15		The main cause of death in middle adulthood in the United States is:
			A)	chronic disease.
			B)	accidents.
			C)	cancer.
			D)	smoking-related illnesses.
16		What is the leading cause of death in elderly adults?
			A)	cancer
			B)	stroke
			C)	lung disease
			D)	heart disease
17		A disease that starts out slowly but lasts a long time is called:
			A)	acute.
			B)	chronic.
			C)	terminal.
			D)	pervasive.
18		At age 82, Mr. Wilcox still walks around the block every day and still picks up his 20-pound great-grandson. Mr. Wilcox is:
			A)	what we would call "robust."
			B)	weaker than most men his age.
			C)	unusually strong for someone his age.
			D)	about average strength for his age.
19		The portrayal of the oldest old today is:
			A)	more optimistic than in the past.
			B)	about the same as it was in the past.
			C)	more pessimistic than in the past.
			D)	more optimistic in some respects, but more pessimistic in others.
20		Ellen Langer has suggested that some of the difficulties old people face are caused by the way:
			A)	society treats them.
			B)	their families take care of them.
			C)	the media represent them.
			D)	they think about being old.
21		Rodin and Langer found that nursing home patients who were given some responsibility and control over their lives became:
			A)	more difficult to manage.
			B)	more likely to want to return home.
			C)	healthier.
			D)	happier, but lived no longer than those given no responsibility or self-control.
22		Harold believes he can master most situations he's in, and by doing so, produce a positive outcome. Harold is high in:
			A)	self-control.
			B)	self-esteem.
			C)	self-efficacy.
			D)	emotion-focused coping.
23		_______ is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function.
			A)	Dementia
			B)	Stroke
			C)	Alzheimer's
			D)	Myocardial infarction.
24		_______ is the field that explores connections between psychological factors, the nervous system and the immune system.
			A)	Biopsychosociology
			B)	Psychobiology
			C)	Psychoneuroimmunology
			D)	Psychoneurology
25		The healthiest diet for infants consists of:
			A)	low fat and low calories.
			B)	high fat.
			C)	high fat and low protein.
			D)	low fat and high protein.
26		According to the American Pediatric Association, which of the following mothers could breast-feed an infant?
			A)	a mother infected with AIDS
			B)	a mother with active tuberculosis
			C)	a mother who is overweight
			D)	a mother who is taking a drug that might be unsafe for the infant
27		What can parents do to help their obese children lose weight?
			A)	Restrict their food intake.
			B)	Encourage their child to become more active.
			C)	Force their child to exercise regularly.
			D)	Punish their child for overeating.
28		Eskias, who is 8 months old, has a wasting away of body tissues that is caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency. He is suffering from:
			A)	marasmus.
			B)	kwashiorkor.
			C)	failure to thrive syndrome.
			D)	AIDS.
29		An adolescent is MOST likely to die from:
			A)	a car accident.
			B)	leukemia.
			C)	suicide.
			D)	homicide.
30		Annette has an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation, which ultimately may lead to her death. Annette suffers from:
			A)	bulimia nervosa.
			B)	anorexia nervosa.
			C)	body dysphoric disorder.
			D)	failure to thrive syndrome.
31		Which of the following adolescents is most likely to suffer from anorexia?
			A)	Bill, an African-American male honor student from a low-income family.
			B)	Kayisha, an African-American female honor student from an upper-income family.
			C)	Jarod, a White male from a middle-income family who has dropped out of school.
			D)	Emily, a White female honor student from an upper-income family.
32		_______ are individuals who chronically restrict their food intake to control their weight.
			A)	Dieters
			B)	Restrained eaters
			C)	Yo-yo dieters
			D)	Bulimics
33		Vitamin supplements called antioxidants may affect health by counteracting effects of:
			A)	white corpuscles.
			B)	DNA changes.
			C)	free radicals.
			D)	cholesterol.
34		Which industrialized nation has the highest rate of adolescent drug use?
			A)	the Netherlands
			B)	Great Britain
			C)	Denmark
			D)	the United States
35		Research on adolescents' smoking patterns has demonstrated that:
			A)	cigarette smoking has gradually increased since 1997.
			B)	approximately one-fourth of American adolescents are active smokers at the end of their high school years.
			C)	although most high school students are smoking less now than in 1997, seniors are smoking more.
			D)	smoking in the adolescent years causes permanent genetic changes in the lungs.
36		Basal metabolism rate refers to how much energy:
			A)	a person uses during rest.
			B)	is needed as a person ages.
			C)	a person uses during peak activity.
			D)	is needed to maintain the set point weight.
37		Matty is an older adult who takes regular supplements of vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene. Is Matty's vitamin regimen helpful?
			A)	No, because no evidence suggests that such vitamin supplements produce beneficial effects.
			B)	Yes, because some evidence suggests that such vitamin supplements can add many years to the life span.
			C)	Yes, because some evidence suggests that such vitamin supplements are associated with reduced illness and injury in later years.
			D)	No, because most supplements do not contain enough of the daily recommended dosage of vitamin to be beneficial.
38		The main focus of research on the effects of exercise on health has involved:
			A)	reducing weight.
			B)	preventing cancer.
			C)	staying young.
			D)	preventing heart disease.
39		At age 30 you find you are a successful, hard-working executive, but you are also slightly overweight and have increasing difficulty coping with the tension in your life. What do the "experts" recommend you do to ensure good health?
			A)	Lose weight.
			B)	Start a weightlifting program in which you alternate exercise of muscle groups every day.
			C)	Walk or jog at a brisk pace for 30 minutes every day.
			D)	Push yourself to jog fast for 30 minutes three to five times a week.
40		In a survey of drinking patterns on college campuses, which was NOT a problem reported by binge drinkers?
			A)	having unprotected sex
			B)	using illicit drugs
			C)	missing classes
			D)	physical injuries
41		Professor Seligman teaches his class that addiction is a lifelong ailment that requires treatment. Which model of addiction does he ascribe to?
			A)	the disease model
			B)	the genetic-predisposition model
			C)	the life-process model
			D)	the classical conditioning model
42		Exposure to _______ increases children's risk for developing respiratory and middle-ear diseases.
			A)	tobacco smoke
			B)	cocaine
			C)	lead
			D)	pesticides