Choose the alternative that best completes the stem of each question.
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1 | | Conducting a literature review before you design a research study can |
| | A) | help you avoid reinventing the wheel. |
| | B) | identify measures and apparatus you might want to use for your study. |
| | C) | show whether your original question has already been answered. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | | A publication that has a “sober presentation,” is written for professionals in a field, and has original research reports would be classified as a _________ publication. |
| | A) | popular |
| | B) | scholarly |
| | C) | general |
| | D) | professional |
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3 | | A(n) ________ contains full research reports, including all information needed to replicate a study. |
| | A) | primary source |
| | B) | secondary source |
| | C) | anthology |
| | D) | textbook |
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4 | | Which of the sources listed would provide the most recent information on a research topic? |
| | A) | textbooks |
| | B) | scholarly journals |
| | C) | papers delivered at professional meetings |
| | D) | reviews |
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5 | | A danger in relying on secondary sources for research information is that |
| | A) | the information provided may not be up-to-date. |
| | B) | the author of the secondary source may have misrepresented the described research. |
| | C) | secondary sources tend not to provide enough detail about the studies they describe. |
| | D) | all the above |
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6 | | Where would you obtain the most detailed description of the method and results of a research project? |
| | A) | In a research report in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. |
| | B) | In a paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association. |
| | C) | In a review article in the Psychological Bulletin. |
| | D) | In a meta-analysis. |
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7 | | An advantage of attending a paper session at a convention rather than reading about the research in a journal is that |
| | A) | you get a more detailed description of the method |
| | B) | you can meet the researchers. |
| | C) | the research has been reviewed by experts and approved. |
| | D) | all the above |
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8 | | If you want to look up a topic using PsyclNFO but do not know what key word to use, you can find out by consulting |
| | A) | the Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms. |
| | B) | Roget’s Thesaurus. |
| | C) | the table of contents of Psychological Abstracts. |
| | D) | Webster’s Dictionary. |
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9 | | According to the text, a drawback to using PsyclNFO is that |
| | A) | it has only a very limited database of articles indexed. |
| | B) | searches usually turn up very few articles. |
| | C) | if you are not careful choosing your key words, you may turn up hundreds of citations, many of them irrelevant to your needs. |
| | D) | all the above |
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10 | | According to your text, a disadvantage of using a general Internet search engine is that |
| | A) | you will probably not find much on your topic. |
| | B) | you cannot be sure of the quality of the materials you find. |
| | C) | because materials posted on the Internet are so rigorously screened, you may find that there is a limited amount of material available. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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11 | | According to the Cornell University Library (2000), an initial appraisal of a source should include you evaluating |
| | A) | the date of publication. |
| | B) | the title of the journal. |
| | C) | the author. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | both a and b only |
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12 | | When you critically evaluate the method section of a research report, the litmus test of that section is |
| | A) | whether you could replicate the study from the description given. |
| | B) | whether the method described is a standard one. |
| | C) | the test given to the participants to determine whether they should be included in the study. |
| | D) | any test that is administered as a part of the procedure. |
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13 | | Data collected in psychological research are usually evaluated to determine the statistical significance of any effects that are found. Generally, effects that fail to reach statistical significance are |
| | A) | as readily accepted for publication as those that do reach statistical significance. |
| | B) | rejected for publication because it is too likely that the apparent effects may have occurred by chance. |
| | C) | immediately accepted for publication because chance has been ruled out as an explanation of the effect. |
| | D) | accepted for publication if the alpha level used was .01 or smaller. |
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14 | | The file drawer phenomenon results when |
| | A) | unpublished research is later published because new findings render the results important. |
| | B) | studies having statistically nonsignificant results are not submitted for publication. |
| | C) | studies accumulate in the file drawer because the investigator lacks the time to write them up and submit them for publication. |
| | D) | important findings get lost in the file drawer, to be discovered only after someone else has replicated the findings. |
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15 | | Anomalous findings (those that do not appear to make sense within the currently accepted framework) |
| | A) | are usually accepted immediately by the research community. |
| | B) | immediately overturn the currently accepted framework. |
| | C) | usually call into question the research that produced them. |
| | D) | by their very nature are never reliable. |
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16 | | To be accepted for publication, a research paper today usually must contain |
| | A) | no more than a single experiment involving a treatment and a control condition. |
| | B) | a series of experiments or at least a parametric study involving several levels of two or more variables. |
| | C) | citations by the editor and reviewers praising the research conducted. |
| | D) | a significant new theoretical formulation. |
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17 | | The practice of insisting on multiple experiments in a research paper |
| | A) | increases the paper’s contribution to knowledge. |
| | B) | increases the chances that reviewers will find fault with the paper. |
| | C) | delays getting important findings out. |
| | D) | all the above |
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18 | | To ensure that reviewers of research papers can make their judgments without fear of reprisal, reviews are often |
| | A) | biased in favor of the author of the paper. |
| | B) | conducted by a computer |
| | C) | conducted anonymously. |
| | D) | kept under lock and key. |
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19 | | Empirical studies have consistently found that the correlation between reviewer judgments concerning the acceptability of a manuscript for publication is |
| | A) | extremely high, showing good reliability. |
| | B) | moderately high, showing reasonable reliability. |
| | C) | low, showing poor reliability. |
| | D) | negative, showing that reviewers always disagree. |
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20 | | When Peters and Ceci (1982) submitted twelve previously published articles to the journals in which the articles were originally published, they found that |
| | A) | all but one of the resubmissions were recognized. |
| | B) | only three of the resubmissions were recognized and rejected for this reason. |
| | C) | eight of the undetected papers were rejected for publication, usually on the grounds that they were methodologically flawed. |
| | D) | both b and c |
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21 | | According to the text, fraud in research comprises |
| | A) | outright fabrication of data. |
| | B) | altering data to make them look better. |
| | C) | publishing stolen work. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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22 | | According to Bell (1992), a major factor contributing to fraud in research is |
| | A) | competition for scarce research funding. |
| | B) | the dishonesty of most scientists. |
| | C) | the need for scientists to boost their egos. |
| | D) | all the above |
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23 | | According to your text, we can guard against fraud by |
| | A) | making clear statements that those committing fraud will be caught and punished. |
| | B) | stressing that ethical research practice involves honesty during training of scientists. |
| | C) | contacting research participants and verifying that they were actually in a study. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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24 | | If one’s culture or personal beliefs affect the decision concerning how to study behavior, we say that |
| | A) | research fraud has occurred. |
| | B) | the resulting research is objective. |
| | C) | values have affected science. |
| | D) | none of the above |
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25 | | Longino (1990) suggests that which of the following is a factor influencing the course of science? |
| | A) | Values affect which questions are addressed and which are ignored. |
| | B) | Value-laden terms affect how data are described. |
| | C) | Values affect the basic assumptions that scientists make about phenomena they study. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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