Fill in the blanks with the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
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1 | | The data from a between-subjects experiment must be submitted to a(n) in order to determine whether any group differences in performance are reliable. |
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2 | | If a difference between group means is found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that the results are probably . |
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3 | | If all subjects in an experiment are exposed to all levels of the independent variable, and the results are then statistically averaged over subjects, the experiment follows a(n) design. . |
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4 | | The variation in scores across subjects that is produced by extraneous variables in an experiment is called variance. |
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5 | | Assigning participants to groups by drawing names out of a hat would be a crude example of the technique of . |
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6 | | In the design, subjects are assigned at random to one or the other of two groups. |
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7 | | If the levels of the independent variable represent quantitative (as opposed to qualitative) differences, a design is described as . |
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8 | | The least amount of information is obtained from a(n) design. |
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9 | | If the expectations of subjects concerning the effect of a treatment (such as a drug) may affect the dependent variable, you would want to include a(n) group in the design. |
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10 | | If subjects are first matched into pairs on some variable or variables, and then each pair is randomly split between two groups, the experiment follows a design. |
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11 | | occur when a previous treatment alters the behavior observed in a subsequent treatment. |
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12 | | Changes in performance that occur because subjects can compare what happens in one treatment with what happens in another are due to . |
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13 | | involves assigning the various treatments of an experiment in a different order for different subjects. |
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14 | | If every possible order of treatments is represented exactly once, your design is said to be counterbalanced. |
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15 | | If only some of the possible treatment orders are included in a design, it is said to be counterbalanced. |
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16 | | You can use a Latin square to determine the order of treatments in your design if you choose to make the number of treatment orders equal to the number of . |
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17 | | If carryover from Treatment A to Treatment B is greater than carryover from Treatment B to Treatment A, your design suffers from the problem of carryover effects. |
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18 | | When changes in the level of the dependent variable are caused by a given treatment and these changes cannot be undone by subsequent changes, the changes are said to be . |
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19 | | The main advantage of making order of treatments an independent variable is that you can assess the size of any . |
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20 | | You should strongly consider using a within-subjects design when differences contribute heavily to variation in the dependent variable. |
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21 | | The column sums and row sums in the results of a factorial experiment represent the of the experiment. |
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22 | | Two lines on a graph represent the effect of Variable A on reaction time at two levels of Variable B. If the lines are , then an interaction is not present. |
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23 | | designs simultaneously assess the effects of an independent variable on two or more dependent variables. |
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24 | | Confounding variables affect the of a design. |
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