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1 |  |  English physician Archibald Garrod was the first to link inheritance and _________. |
|  | A) | DNA |
|  | B) | nucleic acids |
|  | C) | RNA |
|  | D) | protein |
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2 |  |  What did Frederick Griffith’s 1928 experiments with a pneumonia-causing bacterium and mice show? |
|  | A) | a biochemical in a killer strain of bacteria can make a non-killing strain deadly |
|  | B) | a “transforming principle” was protein |
|  | C) | mice can become immune to pneumonia |
|  | D) | All of these are correct. |
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3 |  |  Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty confirmed the hypothesis that DNA was the genetic material by inoculating mice with ___________. |
|  | A) | heat-killed type R bacterial DNA and live type S bacteria –mice died |
|  | B) | heat-killed type S bacterial DNA and live type R bacteria –mice lived |
|  | C) | heat-killed type R bacterial DNA and live type S bacteria –mice lived |
|  | D) | heat-killed type S bacterial DNA and live type R bacteria –mice died |
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4 |  |  The scientist(s) that confirmed that DNA was the hereditary material was (were) ___________. |
|  | A) | Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty |
|  | B) | Hammerling |
|  | C) | Griffith |
|  | D) | Hershey and Chase |
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5 |  |  In the experiments of Hershey and Chase, DNA was shown to be the material transmitted from the virus to the bacterium because _____________. |
|  | A) | protein contains sulfur but DNA does not |
|  | B) | DNA contains phosphorus but protein does not |
|  | C) | radioactivity came from the phosphorus |
|  | D) | All of these are correct. |
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6 |  |  Which scientist found that DNA contains equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts of C and G? |
|  | A) | Martha Chase |
|  | B) | Erwin Chargaff |
|  | C) | Rosalind Franklin |
|  | D) | James Watson |
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7 |  |  James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with determining _______________ in 1953. |
|  | A) | the nature of base-pairing in DNA |
|  | B) | the chemical composition of DNA |
|  | C) | the three-dimensional structure of DNA |
|  | D) | DNA is located in the nucleus |
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8 |  |  DNA contains ____________. |
|  | A) | ribose, uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine, phosphate |
|  | B) | deoxyribose, uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine, phosphate |
|  | C) | ribose, thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine, phosphate |
|  | D) | deoxyribose, thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine, phosphate |
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9 |  |  What portion of the DNA molecule actually encodes the genetic information? |
|  | A) | DNA base sequences |
|  | B) | sugar-phosphate backbone |
|  | C) | number of hydrogen bonds |
|  | D) | three-dimensional structure |
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10 |  |  What is a nucleosome? |
|  | A) | a mutation in a base pair |
|  | B) | a combination of enzymes that regulates gene activity |
|  | C) | DNA base pairs wrapped around histones |
|  | D) | an unusual sequence of bases that act as a start position for gene activity |
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11 |  |  True or false. Histones are unique to eukaryotes. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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12 |  |  The two strands of DNA run opposite to each other. This is termed _____________. |
|  | A) | complementarity |
|  | B) | antiparallelism |
|  | C) | semi-conservative |
|  | D) | conservative |
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13 |  |  The hypothesis of DNA replication that proposed one strand serves as a template for the replication of a new strand was called ______________. |
|  | A) | dispersive |
|  | B) | conservative |
|  | C) | semi-conservative |
|  | D) | complementarity |
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14 |  |  Enzymes that unwind and hold apart replicating DNA are ___________. |
|  | A) | polymerases |
|  | B) | ligases |
|  | C) | helicases |
|  | D) | kinases |
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15 |  |  True or false. A replicating chromosome has only one replication fork at a time. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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16 |  |  Replication occurs in 5’ to 3’ direction. What is the name of the short pieces of the discontinuous strand? |
|  | A) | RNA primers |
|  | B) | DNA primers |
|  | C) | Okazaki fragments |
|  | D) | nucleotides |
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17 |  |  Gene amplification is a term describing the technique called ____________. |
|  | A) | polymerase chain reaction |
|  | B) | assisted reproductive technologies |
|  | C) | recombinant DNA technology |
|  | D) | genetic engineering |
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18 |  |  Polymerase chain reaction can be used in which of the following fields? |
|  | A) | genetic engineering |
|  | B) | forensics |
|  | C) | ecology |
|  | D) | archaeology |
|  | E) | All of these are correct. |
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19 |  |  Which of the following nucleotides is particularly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation? |
|  | A) | adenine |
|  | B) | thymine |
|  | C) | guanine |
|  | D) | cytosine |
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20 |  |  Which mode of DNA repair corrects small loops where complementary strands of DNA are not precisely aligned? |
|  | A) | photoreactivation |
|  | B) | excision repair |
|  | C) | proofreading |
|  | D) | mismatch repair |
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