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| neurons neuroglial cells sensory information cell body dendrites axon nerves sensory (or afferent) neuron central nervous system (CNS) motor (or efferent) neuron interneuron neural impulse action potential polarized volt selectively permeable voltage regulated electrical gradient resting potential sodium-potassium pump stimulus depolarizes influx threshold potential trigger zone myelin sheath Schwann cells node of Ranvier oligodendrocytes salutatory conduction neurotransmitter synapse peripheral nervous system acetylcholine norepinephrine epinephrine serotonin dopamine gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) monoamines peptides neuromodulators enkephalins endorphins substance P cerebral cortex synaptic knobs presynaptic neuron synaptic cleft calcium ions postsynaptic neuron reuptake selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors excitatory synapses inhibitory synapses synaptic integration nerve nets ganglia spinal cord brain cranial nerves spinal nerves somatic (voluntary) neurons autonomic (involuntary) nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system white matter gray matter reflex arc hindbrain midbrain forebrain brainstem cerebellum cerebrum brainstem medulla oblongata pons tectum hypothalamus pituitary gland thalamus reticular formation electroencephalogram (EEG) REM sleep cerebral hemispheres cerebral cortex primary motor cortex primary somatosensory cortex corpus callosum hippocampus fight or flight neural stem cells ventricles meninges blood-brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid |