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| population community ecology biotic abiotic demography population density population dispersion metapopulation cohort life table fecundity survivorship, type I survivorship, type II survivorship, type II age structure prereproductive age reproductive age postreproductive age per capita rate of increase or r G=rN exponential growth J-shaped curve rmax or the intrinsic rate of increase biotic potential environmental resistance carrying capacity growth rate logistic growth G=rmax N(K-N/K) potential growth degree of realization density-dependent factors predation density-independent factors boom and bust cycle infant mortality life histories r-selected species K-selected species megacities |